晚清是一个特殊的历史时期,翻译使命赋予了译者独特的时代特征,中国译者在积极翻译西方科技著作,传播新思想以启蒙国人的同时也推动了中国翻译实践的变革。本文以晚清科技译者为考察对象,探赜其科技翻译中的国家意识。晚清时期,以李善兰为代表的科技翻译家毅然承担起与传教士合作翻译西方科技著作的责任和使命。在翻译目的上,译者通过翻译著作引进西方先进科技,以期实现自强;在翻译方式上,他们借助传教士的力量,采取“西译中述”的翻译模式,实现中西科学思想的会通;在翻译过程中,译者考虑沿用本国已有的术语和创立新术语的方式,实现科技知识的流转。因此,在翻译实践的各个方面都体现出了国家意识。最终,本文通过对晚清科技翻译中国家意识的分析得出重要启示:首先,翻译事业的发展离不开高素质的翻译人才,国家应致力于培养具有国家意识的科技翻译人才;其次,译者应把握当下发展形势,在翻译实践中充分发挥主观能动性;最后,翻译研究要立足于当下并融合相关学科,以助于构建新时代背景下的翻译学知识体系。

The Late Qing Dynasty is a unique historical period, where the mission of translation endows translators with distinctive characteristics of the time. Chinese translators actively translated Western sci-tech classics, expressing new ideas to enlighten the people and also promoting the transformation of Chinese translation practice. This study takes the sci-tech translators of the Late Qing period as the object of investigation to explore their national consciousness in the sci-tech translation. During this era, sci-tech translators, like Li Shanlan, resolutely assumed the responsibility and mission of translating Western sci-tech classics together with western missionaries. In terms of translation purposes, they aimed to introduce advanced Western science and technology through translation to achieve self-improvement. Regarding translation methods, they brought into play the power of missionaries and adopted “Westerner oral interpretation, Chinese written polishing” as a mode of translation to facilitate the integration of Western and Chinese scientific ideas. During the translation process, translators considered both the continuation of existing domestic terminology and the creation of new terms to ensure the sci-tech knowledge transfer. Therefore, the national consciousness is reflected in all aspects of translation practice. Ultimately, the analysis of national consciousness in the Late Qing sci-tech translation yields significant insights. Firstly, the development of the translation industry cannot be separated from high-quality translation talents, and the state should be committed to cultivating sci-tech translation talents with national consciousness. Secondly, translators should grasp the current development situation and fully exert their initiative in translation practice. Lastly, translation studies should be grounded in contemporary realities and integrate related disciplines to construct a knowledge system of translation studies that is relevant to the new era.