生成式人工智能正重塑翻译实践的基本范式,其在效率维度的卓越表现与其在伦理维度的失范状态形成鲜明反差。本文立足于切斯特曼的翻译伦理观,从职责伦理、沟通伦理与服务伦理切入,深度剖析AI翻译场域中责任主体悬置、文化信息耗散与译者主体性衰退三大迷思。具体而言,职责的模糊性导致错误归责与版权归属的双重争议;沟通的机械性引发语境坍塌与文化误读的风险;服务的工具化则带来译者专业价值隐没与用户知情同意虚置的困境。为匡正此失衡,研究倡导通过健全权责界定机制、培育AI文化翻译能力以及构建译者中心的人机协作关系,以实现治理层面的破局。本文主张,未来翻译事业发展的核心在于实现工具理性与价值理性的再平衡,以此筑牢可信赖的翻译伦理体系,护航生成式人工智能翻译的良性演进。

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is reshaping the fundamental paradigm of translation. Its gains in efficiency starkly contrast with unsettled ethical practices. Drawing on Chesterman’s ethics of commitment, communication, and service, this paper identifies three persistent paradoxes in the GAI-mediated translation arena: suspended responsibility attribution, dissipation or distortion of cultural information, and the erosion of translators’ professional agency. Specifically, blurred duties give rise to dual disputes over error liability and intellectual-property attribution; mechanized communication increases the risks of contextual collapse and cultural misreading; and service instrumentalization obscures translators’ value while weakening user transparency and informed consent. To restore balance, the study proposes a governance agenda comprising: (a) robust mechanisms for delineating accountability across developers, platforms, translators, and clients; (b) cultivation of AI-enabled cultural translation competence to mitigate bias and preserve diversity; and (c) translator-centered human-AI collaboration that embeds expert oversight across the workflow. The paper argues that the sustainable evolution of GAI in translation hinges on re-balancing instrumental rationality with value rationality, thereby establishing a trustworthy ethical framework that safeguards quality, fairness, and public confidence.