知识翻译学强调翻译是知识加工、重构与再传播的过程。奇幻人物形象作为作者通过特定语法编码的“经验知识”,其翻译重构效度直接影响目标语读者的认知体验。本文以《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》中描写“啃蘑菇”的五个小句为案例,考察汉译过程中的及物性移位及其对奇幻人物知识重构的影响。研究发现:原文通过非传动型小句(动作局限于动作者自身)的渐进式序列,编码了奇幻人物“从被动无能到积极能动”的经验知识轨迹;赵元任、吴钧陶两位译者的译文在不同程度上将非传动型小句转换为传动型小句(动作明确作用于受动者),破坏了这一知识轨迹的渐进性,导致人物形象扁平化。研究表明,及物性结构是知识编码的重要形式,翻译中对及物性的改变可能导致源语知识的系统性扭曲。研究为知识翻译学提供了“句法分析”的方法论工具,也为儿童文学翻译批评提供了新的分析路径。

Knowledge Translation Studies emphasizes that translation is a process of knowledge processing, reconstruction, and re-dissemination. The fantasy character, as “experiential knowledge” encoded by the author through specific grammatical structures, has its translation reconstruction validity directly affecting target language readers’ cognitive experience. From the perspective of Knowledge Translation Studies, this paper examines the five clauses expressing “nibbling mushrooms” in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland as a case study, investigating transitivity shifts in Chinese translations and their impact on the knowledge reconstruction of fantasy characters. The findings reveal that the original text encodes an experiential knowledge trajectory of the fantasy character “from passive incompetence to active agency” through a progressive sequence of intransactive clauses. The translations by Zhao and Wu, to varying degrees, convert these intransactive clauses into transactive ones, disrupting the progressivity of this knowledge trajectory and resulting in the flattening of the character image. The study demonstrates that syntactic structure constitutes a crucial form of knowledge encoding, and alterations to syntactic structures in translation may lead to systematic distortion of source text knowledge.