传统口译研究受结构主义语言学与认知心理学范式主导,将口译视为中立的语言转换技术,遮蔽了其在文明交往层面的深层含义。本文以知识翻译学为理论依归,将口译重新界定为“地方性知识的跨语际即时重构”。在此基础上,整合中国哲学的“感通”思想与“恕道”伦理、西方伽达默尔的“视域融合”与布伯的“相遇”哲学,构建四重理论透镜。研究提出“感通—共生”模型,揭示口译的本质结构:以“感通”为本体论基础,即意义生成与生命能量的相互感应,以“视域融合”为认识论路径,理解在对话中动态展开,以“恕道”为伦理学内核,推己及人规范意义生成的方向,以“相遇”为关系论指向,最终实现“我—你”式的本真对话。口译因此被论证为文明间意义协商、视域碰撞与伦理关系构建的生成性实践。本文为口译研究开辟了从“信息传递”到“知识创生”,再到“文明互鉴”的学理路径,为知识翻译学提供了来自口译领域的理论验证与经验支撑。

Traditional interpreting studies, dominated by structuralist linguistics and cognitive psychology, have long treated interpreting as a neutral technique of language transfer, obscuring its profound implications for civilizational interaction. Grounded in the theoretical framework of Transknowletology, this paper redefines interpreting as “the cross-linguistic and real-time reconstruction of local knowledge.” On this basis, it integrates the Chinese philosophical concepts of “Gantong” (affective resonance) and the ethics of “Shudao” (the principle of empathy), along with Gadamer’s “fusion of horizons” and Buber’s philosophy of “encounter,” to construct a fourfold theoretical lens. The study proposes the “Gantong-Symbiosis Model” to elucidate the essential structure of interpreting: “Gantong” serves as its ontological foundation, wherein meaning emerges from the mutual resonance of vital forces; “fusion of horizons” constitutes its epistemological path, with understanding dynamically unfolding in dialogue; “Shudao” forms its ethical core, governing the direction of meaning-making through the principle of empathy; and “Symbiosis” defines its relational dimension, culminating in the authentic “I-You” dialogue. Thus, interpreting is demonstrated as a generative practice of cross-civilizational meaning negotiation, horizon integration, and ethical relationship building. This paper opens up a theoretical trajectory for interpreting studies from “information transfer” to “knowledge generation” and further to “mutual learning among civilizations,” offering theoretical validation and empirical support for Transknowletology from the perspective of interpreting.