轻度认知障碍的早期识别是干预老年痴呆进程的关键环节。言语语言因其能敏锐映射大脑功能状态,已成为理想的非侵入式监测窗口。本研究系统梳理了该领域的神经生理基础与评估范式演进,指出既有研究多偏重语言结构指标,忽视社会认知维度的局限。基于此,研究通过理论重构,提出将言语语言拓展为“生物社会标志物”,即在传统语言指标的基础上,重点纳入情绪韵律表征及语用层面的对话趋同与会话修正机制,以精准捕捉早期隐匿的社会认知损伤。这一框架实现了从“大脑怎么了”的病理检测向“这对社会功能意味着什么”的功能解读跃迁。最后,研究讨论了交互同步信号获取的技术挑战与伦理边界,展望了居家生态化监测的应用前景。上述多维整合思路为老年认知障碍的精准筛查提供了更具生态效度与临床解释力的理论方案。

Early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in older adults is pivotal for dementia intervention. As a faithful indicator of brain function, speech and language offer an ideal non-invasive monitoring window. This study reviews neurophysiological foundations and assessment paradigms to analyze MCI-related anomalies across acoustic, semantic, and syntactic dimensions. Addressing the limitations of purely structural linguistic analysis, we propose redefining speech and language as biosocial markers. This framework integrates emotional prosody and pragmatic mechanisms (e.g., conversational alignment and repair) to capture early, occult social cognitive deficits. Finally, we discuss the technical and ethical challenges of interactive signal acquisition and envision the potential for home-based ecological monitoring. This multidimensional approach provides a theoretical framework with enhanced ecological validity and clinical interpretability for precision MCI screening.