词汇编码的民族文化认知个体性与多元文化交互所要求的文化认知共享性之间,存在天然的矛盾,而这正是跨文化交际屡遭误解与冲突的重要语言学缘由。本研究构建了“词汇文化认知L-C-U模型”,主张文化认知阐释应从语言、概念、使用三层面系统展开。基于该模型,对比分析英语private与汉语“私”的文化认知特征,主要有三个发现:(1)private的词源与语义演变呈现个体性张力的连续性赋权叙事,而“私”则呈现个体文化认知断层式的道德重构;(2)private的文化概念彰显排他性的所有权与控制权,而“私”则经历从产权中立向道德污名的嬗变;(3)private与“私”的共享意义在跨文化交际中易引发误解,根源在于两者激活的词汇文化概念存在差异。研究进而提出“容器图式”与“关系图式”的认知类型学分野:英语民族将个体视为边界清晰的封闭容器,而汉语民族则将个体视为边界流动的关系节点。本文为文化认知语言学构建了可操作的分析框架,同时能为国际传播、外语词汇教学、辞书编纂等提供实践借鉴,对增强中国话语的国际理解度、促进文明交流互鉴具有重要意义。

There exists an inherent profound contradiction between the particularity of ethnocultural cognition in lexical encoding and the shared cultural cognition required for multicultural interaction. The contradiction is deeply seated in linguistic underpinnings for the frequent misunderstandings and conflicts in cross-cultural communication. This paper proposes the L-C-U Model for Lexical Cultural Cognition and advocates that relevant research is expected to be carried out systematically from linguistic, conceptual and usage-based levels. Within the model, it discusses in detail seemingly corresponding English-Chinese word pair private and 私 (sī). There are three main findings presented as follows: (1) The etymological and semantic evolution of private demonstrates a narrative of continuous empowerment centered on individual tension, whereas 私 exhibits a discontinuous moral reconstruction of individual cultural cognition; (2) The cultural concept of private highlights exclusive ownership and control, while 私 has undergone a shift from neutral connotations of property rights to moral stigmatization; (3) The shared meanings of private and 私 are prone to misunderstanding in cross-cultural communication, stemming from their cultural conceptions they activate. Furthermore, a cognitive typological distinction between “container schema” and “relational schema” is put forward: English speakers conceptualize the individual as a closed container with clear boundaries, whereas Chinese speakers perceive the individual as a relational node with fluid boundaries. This study provides an operable analytical model for cultural cognitive linguistics and practical implications for such fields as international communication, foreign language lexical education and lexicography, and is of great significance for enhancing the international understanding of Chinese discourse and promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.