人工智能在神经内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用现状及挑战

doi:10.16150/j.1671-2870.2026.02.016

诊断学理论与实践 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (02): 239-244.doi: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2026.02.016

人工智能在神经内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用现状及挑战

高丽, 赵楠, 陈莺, 李爽, 姚小英, 潘元美, 支楠(), 王刚()

上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经内科，上海 200127

收稿日期:2026-01-18 修回日期:2026-03-01 接受日期:2026-03-19 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-25
通讯作者: 支楠 E-mail：zhinan@renji.com；
王刚 E-mail：wanggang@renji.com
基金资助:
上海交通大学“交大之星”医工交叉项目(YG2023QNB10);2022年度上海高校市级重点课程建设立项项目;2024年度上海交通大学医学院本科荣誉课程建设重点资助项目;2025年度上海-渥太华联合医学院第二轮全英语课程建设立项项目(Unit Ⅲ神经系统模块);2025年度上海交通大学医学院本科核心课程建设立项项目

Application status and challenges of artificial intelligence in standardized residency training of neurology

GAO Li, ZHAO Nan, CHEN Ying, LI Shuang, YAO Xiaoying, PAN Yuanmei, ZHI Nan(), WANG Gang()

Received:2026-01-18 Revised:2026-03-01 Accepted:2026-03-19 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

住院医师规范化培训（以下简称住培）是培养合格临床医师的核心环节，其效果直接决定了医师的临床胜任力与专业发展潜力。神经内科因疾病谱系复杂、病情多变、医患沟通要求高的特点，对培训质量提出了更高的要求。近年来，随着人工智能（artificial intelligence， AI）技术在医学领域的深度渗透，为神经内科住培提供了新方案。本文结合神经内科住培现状，探讨AI技术在神经内科住培体系理论教学、临床实践和评价考核三大核心环节的应用场景，重点分析AI在脑血管病、神经退行性疾病、癫痫、神经系统罕见病及神经影像判读等专科住培体系的赋能价值，并分析当前AI技术应用过程中面临的技术、教学、伦理等方面的挑战，同时提出针对性优化策略，旨在构建“人文为核、科技为翼”的住培体系，为AI与神经内科住培深度融合提供实践参考，助力培养兼具专业素养、创新能力和人文精神的新时代神经内科医师。

关键词: 神经内科, 住院医师规范化培训, 人工智能, 神经系统疾病, 医学人文

中图分类号:

R741
G641

高丽, 赵楠, 陈莺, 李爽, 姚小英, 潘元美, 支楠, 王刚. 人工智能在神经内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用现状及挑战[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2026, 25(02): 239-244.

GAO Li, ZHAO Nan, CHEN Ying, LI Shuang, YAO Xiaoying, PAN Yuanmei, ZHI Nan, WANG Gang. Application status and challenges of artificial intelligence in standardized residency training of neurology[J]. Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice, 2026, 25(02): 239-244.

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人工智能在神经内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用现状及挑战

Application status and challenges of artificial intelligence in standardized residency training of neurology

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