2025年中国华东地区真菌耐药监测报告

doi:10.16150/j.1671-2870.2026.03.005

诊断学理论与实践 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (03): 287-307.doi: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2026.03.005

2025年中国华东地区真菌耐药监测报告

林慧萍¹, 王东江¹, 郭建¹, 李腾¹, 杨思敏¹, 王莎莎¹, 周爱萍¹, 胡靓¹, 田文杰¹, 麻浙效¹, 吴家棋¹, 古丽孜巴·亚力买买提¹, 张燕², 陈会³, 萧晨路⁴, 郭玮⁵, 王苏珍⁵, 万智敏⁶, 韩春华⁷, 王盛华⁸, 温开镇⁹, 李彬¹⁰, 陈燕林¹⁰, 谢屿平¹⁰, 陈雯静¹¹, 孟红委¹², 李志夫¹², 徐和平¹³, 何磊¹⁴, 魏慕筠¹⁴, 李婷华¹⁴, 杨海慧¹⁴, 奚卫¹⁴^,¹⁵, 吴永琴¹⁶, 鲁怀伟¹⁶, 庄亦晖¹⁷, 刘研¹⁸, 沈丹丹¹⁸, 秦洁¹⁹, 李晟超²⁰, 杨青²⁰, 黄晶晶²¹, 唐朝贵²¹, 徐杰²², 任建敏²³, 刘淑芬²⁴, 胡秀华²⁴, 商安全²⁵, 袁轶群²⁶, 周玲²⁷, 邓卫平²⁷, 陈思佳²⁸, 胡海清²⁹, 鹿秀海³⁰, 胡永奇³¹, 李志兰³², 戴芸³³, 胡妮娅³⁴, 曾令兵³⁴, 钱敏建³⁵, 黄晓春³⁶, 潘芬³⁷, 蒋娜³⁸, 胡娟³⁹, 朱召芹⁴⁰, 金英⁴¹, 杨乐园⁴², 刘淮玉⁴³, 李妮娅⁴³^,⁴⁴, 翁丽贞⁴⁵, 夏益兰⁴⁵, 李娜⁴⁶, 高晶⁴⁷, 张晓雪⁴⁸, 刘云⁴⁹, 陈旭⁵⁰, 戴俊华⁵¹, 刘军⁵², 钱朵朵⁵³, 侯伟伟⁵⁴, 王月玲⁵⁵, 孙静芳⁵⁶, 黄莉莉⁵⁷, 舒文⁵⁸, 李丽⁵⁹, 时建英⁶⁰, 张灏旻⁶¹, 刘春红⁶², 杨卫华⁶³, 王芳⁶⁴, 吴文娟¹()

1 上海市东方医院（同济大学附属东方医院）南院检验科，上海 200123
2 南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院检验科，江苏南京 210008
3 江西省人民医院检验科，江西南昌 330000
4 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院检验科，上海 200025
5 复旦大学附属中山医院检验科，上海 200032
6 湖南省人民医院（湖南师范大学附属第一医院）检验科，湖南长沙 410005
7 青岛大学附属医院检验科，山东青岛 266000
8 山东省立医院中心院区检验科，山东济南 250021
9 福建省晋江市医院检验科，福建晋江 362200
10 福建医科大学附属协和医院检验科，福建福州 350001
11 上海市第一人民医院检验科，上海 200080
12 上海市胸科医院检验科，上海 200030
13 厦门大学附属第一医院检验科，福建厦门 361003
14 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院西院检验科，上海 200001
15 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院南院检验科，上海 201112
16 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院（安徽省立医院）检验科，安徽合肥 230001
17 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院检验科，上海 200032
18 上海市第十人民医院检验科，上海 200072
19 复旦大学附属儿科医院检验科，上海 201102
20 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院检验科，浙江杭州 310003
21 淮安市第一人民医院检验科，江苏淮安 223300
22 苏州大学附属第一医院检验科，江苏苏州 215006
23 浙江省丽水市中心医院检验科，浙江丽水 323000
24 上海市浦东新区周浦医院检验科，上海 201318
25 连云港市第二人民医院检验科，江苏连云港 222023
26 复旦大学附属金山医院检验科，上海 201508
27 上海市浦东医院检验科，上海 201399
28 上海东方肝胆外科医院检验科，上海 200438
29 海军军医大学第二附属医院（上海长征医院）检验科，上海 200003
30 山东省眼科医院检验科，山东济南 250021
31 上海市同仁医院检验科，上海 200336
32 上海市第七人民医院检验科，上海 200137
33 上海中医药大学附属曙光医院检验科，上海 200021
34 南昌大学第一附属医院检验科，江西南昌 330006
35 上海健康医学院附属崇明医院检验科，上海 202150
36 上海长海医院检验科，上海 200433
37 上海市儿童医院检验科，上海 200062
38 上海市浦东新区公利医院检验科，上海 200135
39 上海市第五人民医院检验科，上海 200240
40 上海市公共卫生临床中心检验科，上海 200083
41 上海市浦东新区浦南医院南院检验科，上海 200125
42 上海市宝山区中西医结合医院检验科，上海 201999
43 上海市第六人民医院检验科，上海 200233
44 上海市第六人民医院临港院区检验科，上海 201306
45 上海市静安区中心医院检验科，上海 200040
46 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心检验科，上海 200052
47 复旦大学附属妇产科医院检验科，上海 200090
48 上海市浦东新区人民医院检验科，上海 201299
49 上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院检验科，上海 200437
50 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院检验科，上海 200011
51 上海市普陀区中心医院检验科，上海 200333
52 上海市松江区中心医院检验科，上海 201600
53 上海市杨浦区中心医院检验科，上海 200090
54 上海市同济医院检验科，上海 200065
55 山东省立医院东院区检验科，山东济南 250014
56 徐州医科大学附属医院检验科，江苏徐州 221000
57 苏州大学附属儿童医院检验科，江苏苏州 215025
58 上海市第一人民医院南院检验科，上海 201620
59 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院检验科，上海 200025
60 上海市嘉定区中心医院检验科，上海 201800
61 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院东院检验科，上海 200127
62 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院检验科，上海 200031
63 上海市静安区闸北中心医院检验科，上海 200070
64 复旦大学附属中山医院青浦院区检验科，上海 201700

收稿日期:2026-03-02 修回日期:2026-05-13 接受日期:2026-05-18 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-27
通讯作者: 吴文娟 E-mail：wwj1210@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(82572595);国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目(W2411075);国家重点研发计划(2024YFC2309600)

Fungal resistance surveillance report in East China in 2025

LIN Huiping¹, WANG Dongjiang¹, GUO Jian¹, LI Teng¹, YANG Simin¹, WANG Shasha¹, ZHOU Aiping¹, HU Liang¹, TIAN Wenjie¹, MA Zhexiao¹, WU Jiaqi¹, GULIZIBA Yalimaimaiti¹, ZHANG Yan², CHEN Hui³, XIAO Chenlu⁴, GUO Wei⁵, WANG Suzhen⁵, WAN Zhimin⁶, HAN Chunhua⁷, WANG Shenghua⁸, WEN Kaizhen⁹, LI Bin¹⁰, CHEN Yanlin¹⁰, XIE Yuping¹⁰, CHEN Wenjing¹¹, MENG Hongwei¹², LI Zhifu¹², XU Heping¹³, HE Lei¹⁴, WEI Muyun¹⁴, LI Tinghua¹⁴, YANG Haihui¹⁴, XI Wei¹⁴^,¹⁵, WU Yongqin¹⁶, LU Huaiwei¹⁶, ZHUANG Yihui¹⁷, LIU Yan¹⁸, SHEN Dandan¹⁸, QIN Jie¹⁹, LI Shengchao²⁰, YANG Qing²⁰, HUANG Jingjing²¹, TANG Chaogui²¹, XU Jie²², REN Jianmin²³, LIU Shufen²⁴, HU Xiuhua²⁴, SHANG Anquan²⁵, YUAN Yiqun²⁶, ZHOU Ling²⁷, DENG Weiping²⁷, CHEN Sijia²⁸, HU Haiqing²⁹, LU Xiuhai³⁰, HU Yongqi³¹, LI Zhilan³², DAI Yun³³, HU Niya³⁴, ZENG Lingbing³⁴, QIAN Minjian³⁵, HUANG Xiaochun³⁶, PAN Fen³⁷, JIANG Na³⁸, HU Juan³⁹, ZHU Zhaoqin⁴⁰, JIN Ying⁴¹, YANG Leyuan⁴², LIU Huaiyu⁴³, LI Niya⁴³^,⁴⁴, WENG Lizhen⁴⁵, XIA Yilan⁴⁵, LI Na⁴⁶, GAO Jing⁴⁷, ZHANG Xiaoxue⁴⁸, LIU Yun⁴⁹, CHEN Xu⁵⁰, DAI Junhua⁵¹, LIU Jun⁵², QIAN Duoduo⁵³, HOU Weiwei⁵⁴, WANG Yueling⁵⁵, SUN Jingfang⁵⁶, HUANG Lili⁵⁷, SHU Wen⁵⁸, LI Li⁵⁹, SHI Jianying⁶⁰, ZHANG Haomin⁶¹, LIU Chunhong⁶², YANG Weihua⁶³, WANG Fang⁶⁴, WU Wenjuan¹()

1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, South Campus of Shanghai East Hospital (The Affiliated East Hospital of Tongji University), Shanghai 200123, China
2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
4 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
5 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
6 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
7 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
8 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Campus of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
9 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinjiang Hospital of Fujian Province, Jinjiang 362200, Fujian, China
10 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
11 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China
12 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
13 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China
14 Department of Clinical Laboratory, West Campus of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
15 Department of Clinical Laboratory, South Campus of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201112, China
16 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
17 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
18 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
19 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
20 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
21 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China
22 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
23 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Central Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, Zhe-jiang, China
24 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhoupu Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201318, China
25 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222023, Jiangsu, China
26 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
27 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai 201399, China
28 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
29 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
30 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Eye Hospital, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
31 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, China
32 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, China
33 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
34 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
35 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongming Hospital Affilia-ted to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 202150, China
36 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
37 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai 200062, China
38 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
39 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200240, China
40 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 200083, China
41 Department of Clinical Laboratory, South Campus of Punan Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200125, China
42 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
43 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
44 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lingang Campus of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 201306, China
45 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200040, China
46 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Naval Special Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200052, China
47 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
48 Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201299, China
49 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
50 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
51 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Putuo District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200333, China
52 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Songjiang District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 201600, China
53 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yangpu District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200090, China
54 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200065, China
55 Department of Clinical Laboratory, East Campus of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
56 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
57 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
58 Department of Clinical Laboratory, South Campus of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201620, China
59 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
60 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiading District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 201800, China
61 Department of Clinical Laboratory, East Campus of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
62 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
63 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing'an District, Shanghai 200070, China
64 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingpu Campus of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China

Received:2026-03-02 Revised:2026-05-13 Accepted:2026-05-18 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的：监测2025年中国华东地区临床分离真菌的抗真菌药物敏感性情况，为临床诊断和治疗提供参考。方法：回顾性分析2025年1月至12月华东地区侵袭性真菌感染协作组（Eastern China Invasive Fungi Infection Group， ECIFIG）收集的临床真菌，采用形态学结合质谱检测对菌种进行鉴定，结合内转录间隔区测序和β微管蛋白基因测序技术对结果进行复核。采用微量肉汤稀释法进行抗真菌药物（唑类药物，包括氟康唑、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑和艾沙康唑；棘白菌素类药物，包括米卡芬净、阿尼芬净和卡泊芬净；两性霉素B和氟胞嘧啶）的药敏试验。结果：2025年，华东地区共收集酵母菌2 044株，血液为主要标本类型，占37.06%（763/2044）；白念珠菌占比38.51%（793/2044），热带念珠菌占比18.89%（389/2044），近平滑念珠菌占比16.61%（342/2044），光滑念珠菌占比15.20%（313/2044），克柔念珠菌占比1.75%（36/2044）。2025年，华东地区共收集丝状真菌310株，主要为曲霉，包括烟曲霉（62.26%，193/310）、黄曲霉（26.45%，82/310）、黑曲霉（5.81%，18/310）和土曲霉（3.55%，11/310）；丝状真菌主要分离自呼吸道标本，其中痰液标本占比53.23%（165/310），肺泡灌洗液标本占比31.29%（97/310）。念珠菌的耐药性主要表现为对唑类耐药，白念珠菌对氟康唑耐药率为3.66%（29/793），泊沙康唑非野生型菌株占比为6.81%（54/793）。热带念珠菌对氟康唑耐药率为29.05%（113/389），对伏立康唑非敏感菌株为24.42%（95/389）；伊曲康唑非野生型菌株占比为17.48%（68/389），泊沙康唑非野生型菌株占比为61.18%（238/389）；近平滑念珠菌对氟康唑耐药率为11.7%（40/342），两性霉素B非野生型菌株占比为2.34%（8/342）；光滑念珠菌对氟康唑耐药率为5.75%（18/313）；伊曲康唑、泊沙康唑、伏立康唑非野生型菌株占比分别为1.92%（6/313）、12.78%（40/313）、28.12%（88/313）。烟曲霉对伏立康唑的中介率为3.63%（7/193），耐药率为5.18%（10/193），艾沙康唑中介率为1.04%（2/193），耐药率为4.66%（9/193），对伊曲康唑的非野生型比率为3.11%（6/193）；黄曲霉对卡泊芬净、两性霉素B和唑类药物均为野生型菌株。结论：2025年，中国华东地区真菌监测网共收集酵母菌2 044株，主要分离自血液标本，白念珠菌占比最高；共收集丝状真菌310株，主要分离自呼吸道标本，烟曲霉占比最高。热带念珠菌对唑类药物耐药性明显高于其他念珠菌种；烟曲霉对唑类耐药率为5.18%（10/193），较往年有所升高；未发现黄曲霉唑类耐药菌株。

关键词: 中国华东地区, 真菌耐药性监测, 侵袭性真菌感染, 抗真菌药物敏感性试验

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to monitor the antifungal susceptibility of clinically isolated fungi in East China in 2025, thereby providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical fungi collected by the East China Invasive Fungal Infection Group (ECIFIG) from January to December 2025. Species identification was performed using morphological characteristics combined with mass spectrometry, and the results were verified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and β-tubulin gene sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing for azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole), echinocandins (micafungin, anidulafungin, caspofungin), amphotericin B, and flucytosine was carried out using the broth microdilution method. Results In 2025, a total of 2 044 yeast isolates were collected in East China, and blood was the primary specimen type, accounting for 37.06% (763/2 044). The yeast species distribution was as follows: Candida albicans 38.51% (793/2 044), Candida tropicalis 18.89% (389/2 044), Candida parapsilosis 16.61% (342/2 044), Candida glabrata 15.20% (313/2 044), and Candida krusei 1.75% (36/2 044). A total of 310 filamentous fungal isolates were collected in East China, predominantly Aspergillus species: Aspergillus fumigatus (62.26%, 193/310), Aspergillus flavus (26.45%, 82/310), Aspergillus niger (5.81%, 18/310), and Aspergillus terreus (3.55%, 11/310). Filamentous fungi were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens, with sputum specimen accounting for 53.23% (165/310) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimen accounting for 31.29% (97/310). Resistance in Candida species was primarily observed for azoles. The fluconazole resistance rate in C. albicans was 3.66% (29/793), and the rate of non-wild-type (NWT) isolates for posaconazole was 6.81% (54/793). For C. tropicalis, the fluconazole resistance rate was 29.05% (113/389), the voriconazole non-susceptible rate was 24.42% (95/389), the itraconazole NWT rate was 17.48% (68/389), and the posaconazole NWT rate was 61.18% (238/389). C. parapsilosis showed a fluconazole resistance rate of 11.70% (40/342) and an amphotericin B NWT rate of 2.34% (8/342). C. glabrata exhibited a fluconazole resistance rate of 5.75% (18/313), and the NWT rates for itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole were 1.92% (6/313), 12.78% (40/313), and 28.12% (88/313), respectively. For A. fumigatus, the voriconazole intermediate rate was 3.63% (7/193), and the resistance rate was 5.18% (10/193). The isavuconazole intermediate rate was 1.04% (2/193), the resistance rate was 4.66% (9/193), and the NWT rate for itraconazole was 3.11% (6/193). All A. flavus isolates were wild-type for caspofungin, amphotericin B, and azoles. Conclusions In 2025, East China Fungal Surveillance Network collects 2 044 yeast isolates, primarily from blood specimens, with C. albicans being the most prevalent. A total of 310 filamentous fungal isolates are collected, mainly from respiratory specimens, with A. fumigatus being the most common. Azole resistance in C. tropicalis is significantly higher than that in other Candida species. The azole resistance rate in A. fumigatus is 5.18% (10/193), showing an increase compared to it in previous years. No azole-resistant A. flavus isolates have been detected.

Key words: East China, Fungal resistance surveillance, Invasive fungal infection, Antifungal susceptibility testing

中图分类号:

R446
R519

林慧萍, 王东江, 郭建, 李腾, 杨思敏, 王莎莎, 周爱萍, 胡靓, 田文杰, 麻浙效, 吴家棋, 古丽孜巴·亚力买买提, 张燕, 陈会, 萧晨路, 郭玮, 王苏珍, 万智敏, 韩春华, 王盛华, 温开镇, 李彬, 陈燕林, 谢屿平, 陈雯静, 孟红委, 李志夫, 徐和平, 何磊, 魏慕筠, 李婷华, 杨海慧, 奚卫, 吴永琴, 鲁怀伟, 庄亦晖, 刘研, 沈丹丹, 秦洁, 李晟超, 杨青, 黄晶晶, 唐朝贵, 徐杰, 任建敏, 刘淑芬, 胡秀华, 商安全, 袁轶群, 周玲, 邓卫平, 陈思佳, 胡海清, 鹿秀海, 胡永奇, 李志兰, 戴芸, 胡妮娅, 曾令兵, 钱敏建, 黄晓春, 潘芬, 蒋娜, 胡娟, 朱召芹, 金英, 杨乐园, 刘淮玉, 李妮娅, 翁丽贞, 夏益兰, 李娜, 高晶, 张晓雪, 刘云, 陈旭, 戴俊华, 刘军, 钱朵朵, 侯伟伟, 王月玲, 孙静芳, 黄莉莉, 舒文, 李丽, 时建英, 张灏旻, 刘春红, 杨卫华, 王芳, 吴文娟. 2025年中国华东地区真菌耐药监测报告[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2026, 25(03): 287-307.

LIN Huiping, WANG Dongjiang, GUO Jian, LI Teng, YANG Simin, WANG Shasha, ZHOU Aiping, HU Liang, TIAN Wenjie, MA Zhexiao, WU Jiaqi, GULIZIBA Yalimaimaiti, ZHANG Yan, CHEN Hui, XIAO Chenlu, GUO Wei, WANG Suzhen, WAN Zhimin, HAN Chunhua, WANG Shenghua, WEN Kaizhen, LI Bin, CHEN Yanlin, XIE Yuping, CHEN Wenjing, MENG Hongwei, LI Zhifu, XU Heping, HE Lei, WEI Muyun, LI Tinghua, YANG Haihui, XI Wei, WU Yongqin, LU Huaiwei, ZHUANG Yihui, LIU Yan, SHEN Dandan, QIN Jie, LI Shengchao, YANG Qing, HUANG Jingjing, TANG Chaogui, XU Jie, REN Jianmin, LIU Shufen, HU Xiuhua, SHANG Anquan, YUAN Yiqun, ZHOU Ling, DENG Weiping, CHEN Sijia, HU Haiqing, LU Xiuhai, HU Yongqi, LI Zhilan, DAI Yun, HU Niya, ZENG Lingbing, QIAN Minjian, HUANG Xiaochun, PAN Fen, JIANG Na, HU Juan, ZHU Zhaoqin, JIN Ying, YANG Leyuan, LIU Huaiyu, LI Niya, WENG Lizhen, XIA Yilan, LI Na, GAO Jing, ZHANG Xiaoxue, LIU Yun, CHEN Xu, DAI Junhua, LIU Jun, QIAN Duoduo, HOU Weiwei, WANG Yueling, SUN Jingfang, HUANG Lili, SHU Wen, LI Li, SHI Jianying, ZHANG Haomin, LIU Chunhong, YANG Weihua, WANG Fang, WU Wenjuan. Fungal resistance surveillance report in East China in 2025[J]. Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice, 2026, 25(03): 287-307.

图/表 27

表1

2025年ECIFIG成员单位菌株收集清单

Region	Hospital	No. of yeasts	No. of filamentous fungus	No. of total isolates
Shanghai	Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine	167	0	167
	Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine	113	37	150
	Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University	135	0	135
	Shanghai First People's Hospital	56	0	56
	Shanghai Chest Hospital	56	0	56
	Renji Hospital West Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine	41	0	41
	Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center	39	0	39
	Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital	37	0	37
	Children's Hospital of Fudan University	34	0	34
	Shanghai First People's Hospital (South Campus)	29	0	29
	Ruijin Hospital North Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine	29	0	29
	Pudong Zhoupu Hospital	21	0	21
	Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University	16	0	16
	Shanghai Pudong Hospital	16	0	16
	Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital	15	0	15
	Shanghai Changzheng Hospital	14	0	14
	Jiading District Central Hospital	13	0	13
	Shanghai Tongren Hospital	11	0	11
	Renji Hospital (East Campus), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine	10	0	10
	Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital	10	10	10
	Shuguang Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine	10	0	10
	Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Chongming Hospital	9	0	9
	Shanghai Changhai Hospital	9	0	9
	Shanghai Children's Medical Center	8	0	8
	Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital	8	0	8
	Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital	7	0	7
	Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center	7	0	7
	Punan Hospital South Campus, Pudong New Area, Shanghai	7	0	7
	Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University	6	0	6
	Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital	6	0	6
	Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital	6	0	6
	Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai	6	0	6
	PLA Naval Specialized Medical Center	5	0	5
	Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University	4	0	4
	Pudong New Area People's Hospital	4	0	4
	Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine	4	0	4
	Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine	3	0	3
	Zhabei Central Hospital, Jing'an District	3	0	3
	Putuo District Central Hospital	3	0	3
	Songjiang District Central Hospital	3	0	3
	Yangpu District Central Hospital	3	0	3
	Shanghai Tongji Hospital	2	0	2
	Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University	1	0	1
	Renji Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine	1	0	1
	Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Lingang Campus	1	0	1
Jiangsu Province	Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University	209	100	309
	The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University	47	0	47
	Suzhou Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Soochow University	43	0	43
	The First People's Hospital of Huai'an	29	0	29
	The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University	26	0	26
	The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang	17	0	17
Jiangxi Province	Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital	126	109	235
	The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University	9	0	9
Shandong Province	Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital	99	5	104
	Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Central Campus)	81	0	81
	Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (East Campus)	39	2	41
	Shandong Provincial Eye Hospital	0	12	12
Fujian Province	Jinjiang City Hospital	22	45	67
	Fujian Medical University Union Hospital	58	0	58
	The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical University	44	0	44
Hunan Province	Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)	105	0	105
Zhejiang Province	The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Zhijiang Campus)	34	0	34
	Lishui Central Hospital	24	0	24
Anhui Province	The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital)	39	0	39

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

表7

表8

表9

表10

表11

表12

表13

表14

表15

表16

表17

表18

表19

表20

其他临床分离酵母菌对常见治疗药物的敏感性（n=24）

Species	Antifungal agents	MIC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀ (µg/mL)	MIC₉₀ (µg/mL)
Candida fermentati (n=4)	Anidulafungin	0.06-2	0.5	1
	Caspofungin	0.12-0.5	0.5	0.5
	Micafungin	0.03-2	0.25	2
	Fluconazole	2-256	4	256
	Voriconazole	0.06-8	0.12	8
	Posaconazole	0.25-1	0.5	1
	Amphotericin B	1-2	1	2
	Itraconazole	0.5-16	1	16
	Flucytosine	0.03-0.06	0.03	0.06
Rhodotorula mucila- ginosa (n=4)	Anidulafungin	8	8	8
	Caspofungin	4-8	8	8
	Micafungin	8	8	8
	Fluconazole	4-256	128	256
	Voriconazole	2-4	4	4
	Posaconazole	1-4	2	4
	Amphotericin B	1	1	1
	Itraconazole	1-4	2	4
	Flucytosine	0.06-0.12	0.12	0.12
Trichosporon japoni- cum(n=3)	Anidulafungin	8	8	8
	Caspofungin	4-8	8	8
	Micafungin	8	8	8
	Fluconazole	256	256	256
	Voriconazole	8	8	8
	Posaconazole	1-8	2	8
	Amphotericin b	0.5-2	1	2
	Itraconazole	0.5-16	16	16
	Flucytosine	32-64	64	64
Candida duobushae- mulonis(n=2)	Anidulafungin	0.015-0.03	0.015	0.03
	Caspofungin	0.06	0.06	0.06
	Micafungin	0.03-0.06	0.03	0.06
	Fluconazole	2	2	2
	Voriconazole	0.03	0.03	0.03
	Posaconazole	0.015-0.03	0.015	0.03
	Amphotericin B	2	2	2
	Itraconazole	0.06	0.06	0.06
	Flucytosine	0.03-0.06	0.03	0.06
Candida auris (n=2)	Anidulafungin	0.12-0.5	0.12	0.5
	Caspofungin	0.12-0.25	0.12	0.25
	Micafungin	0.25	0.25	0.25
	Fluconazole	32-128	32	128
	Voriconazole	0.25-1	0.25	1
	Posaconazole	0.12-0.25	0.12	0.25
	Amphotericin B	4	4	4
	Itraconazole	0.5	0.5	0.5
	Flucytosine	0.06	0.6	0.06
Candida rugosa (n=2)	Anidulafungin	0.06	0.06	0.06
	Caspofungin	0.06-0.12	0.06	0.12
	Micafungin	0.06-0.25	0.06	0.25
	Fluconazole	2-8	2	8
	Voriconazole	0.12-0.25	0.12	0.25
	Posaconazole	0.06-0.25	0.06	0.25
	Amphotericin B	0.5-1	0.5	1
	Itraconazole	0.12-0.5	0.12	0.5
	Flucytosine	0.12	0.12	0.12
Malassezia furfur (n=2)	Anidulafungin	0.06-0.25	0.06	0.25
	Caspofungin	0.06-0.25	0.06	0.25
	Micafungin	0.06-0.25	0.06	0.25
	Fluconazole	0.25-0.5	0.25	0.5
	Voriconazole	0.015	0.015	0.015
	Posaconazole	0.12	0.12	0.12
	Amphotericin B	1	1	1
	Itraconazole	0.25	0.25	0.25
	Flucytosine	0.06	0.06	0.06
Candida norvegensis (n=2)	Anidulafungin	0.06	0.06	0.06
	Caspofungin	0.12-0.5	0.12	0.5
	Micafungin	0.06-0.12	0.06	0.12
	Fluconazole	8-32	8	32
	Voriconazole	0.25-1	0.25	1
	Posaconazole	0.06-0.25	0.06	0.25
	Amphotericin B	0.5-2	0.5	2
	Itraconazole	0.25-0.5	0.25	0.5
	Flucytosine	4-16	4	16
Lodderomyces elongisporus (n=2)	Anidulafungin	0.015-0.03	0.015	0.03
	Caspofungin	0.12	0.12	0.12
	Micafungin	0.03-0.06	0.03	0.06
	Fluconazole	0.12-0.5	0.12	0.5
	Voriconazole	0.008	0.008	0.008
	Posaconazole	0.12	0.12	0.12
	Amphotericin B	0.5	0.5	0.5
	Itraconazole	0.12-0.25	0.12	0.25
	Flucytosine	0.12	0.12	0.12
Trichosporon mucoides (n=1)	Anidulafungin	8	/	/
	Caspofungin	8	/	/
	Micafungin	8	/	/
	Fluconazole	0.25	/	/
	Voriconazole	0.015	/	/
	Posaconazole	0.03	/	/
	Amphotericin B	0.5	/	/
	Itraconazole	0.06	/	/
	Flucytosine	16	/	/

表20

表21

表22

表23

表24

表25

表26

表27

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Specimen type		No. of specimens and constituent ratio (%)
Sterile site specimens
	Blood	763 (37.33)
	Pleural and peritoneal fluid	317 (15.51)
	Bile	142 (6.95)
	Tissue	28 (1.37)
	Aspiration Fluid	18 (0.88)
	Cerebrospinal fluid	22 (1.08)
	Amniotic fluid	6 (0.29)
	Placenta	1 (0.05)
	Bone marrow	1 (0.05)
	Synovial fluid	1 (0.05)
	Cyst fluid	1 (0.05)
Non-sterile site specimens
	Catheter	157 (7.68)
	Drainage fluid	156 (7.63)
	Wound secretions	131 (6.41)
	Broncho alveolar lavage fluid	91 (4.45)
	Purulent exudate	86 (4.21)
	Urine	35 (1.71)
	Sputum	15 (0.73)
	Ear secretions	8 (0.39)
	Uterine cavity secretions	5 (0.24)
	Eye secretions	4 (0.20)
	Unknown	56 (2.74)
Total		2044 (100)

Specimen type		No. of specimens and constituent ratio (%)
Sterile site specimens
	Blood	3 (0.97)
	Pleural fluid	1 (0.32)
	Bone marrow	1 (0.32)
Non-sterile site specimens
	Sputum	165 (53.23)
	Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	97 (31.29)
	Corneal scrapings	12 (3.87)
	Wound secretions	3 (0.97)
	Purulent exudate	3 (0.97)
	Eye secretions	3 (0.97)
	Ear secretions	1 (0.32)
	Nail clippings	1 (0.32)
	Unknown	20 (6.45)
	Total	310 (100)

Species	No. of isolates and composition ratio (%)
Candida albicans	793 (38.80)
Candida tropicalis	389 (19.03)
Candida parapsilosis	342 (16.73)
Candida glabrata	313 (15.31)
Candida krusei	36 (1.76)
Cryptococcus neoformans	34 (1.66)
Trichosporon asahii	26 (1.27)
Candida lusitaniae	20 (0.98)
Candida metapsilosis	18 (0.88)
Candida guilliermondii	17 (0.83)
Candida orthopsilosis	15 (0.73)
Kodamaea ohmeri	9 (0.44)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	8 (0.39)
Candida fermentati	4 (0.20)
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa	4 (0.20)
Trichosporon japonicum	3 (0.15)
candida duobushaemulonis	2 (0.10)
Candida auris	2 (0.10)
Candida rugosa	2 (0.10)
Malassezia furfur	2 (0.10)
Candida norvegensis	2 (0.10)
Lodderomyces elongisporus	2 (0.10)
Trichosporon mucoides	1 (0.05)

Species	No. of isolates and composition ratio	No. of isolates and composition ratio isolated from sterile site	No. of isolates and composition ratio isolated from non-sterile site
Aspergillus fumigatus	193（62.26）	5（100）	188（61.64）
Aspergillus flavus	82（26.45）	0（0）	82（26.89）
Aspergillus niger	18（5.81）	0（0）	18（5.90）
Aspergillus terreus	11（3.55）	0（0）	11（3.61）
Rhizopus microsporus	2（0.65）	0（0）	2（0.66）
Fusarium solani	2（0.65）	0（0）	2（0.66）
Aspergillus nidulans	1（0.32）	0（0）	1（0.33）
Aspergillus tamarii	1（0.32）	0（0）	1（0.33）

2025年中国华东地区真菌耐药监测报告

Fungal resistance surveillance report in East China in 2025

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Antifungal agents	MIC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀ (µg/mL)	MIC₉₀ (µg/mL)	Susceptibility distribution (%)
Antifungal agents	MIC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀ (µg/mL)	MIC₉₀ (µg/mL)	S	SDD	I	R	WT	NWT
Anidulafungin	0.015-0.25	0.03	0.06	100（242/242）	/	0	0	/	/
Caspofungin	0.015-0.25	0.06	0.12	100（242/242）	/	0	0	/	/
Micafungin	0.015-0.5	0.015	0.06	99.59（241/242）	/	0.41（1/242）	0	/	/
Fluconazole	0.12-256	0.5	2	91.74（222/242）	3.31（8/242）	/	4.96（12/242）	/	/
Voriconazole	0.008-8	0.015	0.12	92.56（224/242）	/	3.72（9/242）	3.72（9/242）	/	/
Posaconazole	0.015-2	0.06	0.06	/	/	/	/	92.56（224/242）	7.44（18/242）
Amphotericin B	0.25-1	0.5	1	/	/	/	/	100（242/242）	0
Itraconazole	0.015-0.25	0.12	0.25	/	/	/	/	/	/
Flucytosine	0.06-64	0.06	0.12	/	/	/	/	/	/

Antifungal agents	MIC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀(µg/mL)	MIC₉₀ (µg/mL)	Susceptibility distribution (%)
Antifungal agents	MIC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀(µg/mL)	MIC₉₀ (µg/mL)	WT	NWT
Anidulafungin	8	8	8	/	/
Caspofungin	4-8	8	8	/	/
Micafungin	8	8	8	/	/
Fluconazole	0.5-256	8	8	88.24（30/34）	11.76（4/34）
Voriconazole	0.03-0.25	0.12	0.12	100（34/34）	0
Posaconazole	0.03-0.25	0.12	0.25	100（34/34）	0
Amphotericin B	0.125-1	0.5	1	91.18（31/34）	8.82（3/34）
Itraconazole	0.03-2	0.12	0.25	79.41（27/34）	20.59（7/34）
Flucytosine	1-256	4	8	94.12（32/34）	5.88（2/34）

Antifungal agents	MIC/MEC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀/MEC₅₀ (µg/mL)	MIC₉₀/MEC₉₀ (µg/mL)	Susceptibility distribution (%)
Antifungal agents	MIC/MEC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀/MEC₅₀ (µg/mL)	MIC₉₀/MEC₉₀ (µg/mL)	S	SDD	I	R	WT	NWT
Anidulafungin	0.015-0.03	0.015	0.015	/	/	/	/	/	/
Caspofungin	0.06-0.25	0.12	0.12	/	/	/	/	100	/
Micafungin	0.008-0.03	0.015	0.015	/	/	/	/	/	/
Voriconazole	0.12-8	0.5	0.5	91.19（176/193）	/	3.63（7/193）	5.18（10/193）	/	/
Posaconazole	0.06-2	0.25	0.25	/	/	/	/	/	/
Amphotericin B	0.5-2	1	2	/	/	/	/	100（193/193）	0
Itraconazole	0.12-16	0.5	0.5	/	/	/	/	96.89（187/193）	3.11（6/193）
Isavuconazole	0.12-8	0.5	1	94.30（182/193）	/	1.04（2/193）	4.66（9/193）	/	/

Geographical origin	MIC/MEC (μg/mL)								Specimen type
Geographical origin	Anidulafungin	Caspofungin	Micafungin	Amphotericin B	Isavuconazole	Itraconazole	Posaconazole	Voriconazole	Specimen type
Jiangsu	0.015	0.25	0.015	1	4	2	1	2	Sputum
Jiangsu	0.015	0.12	0.015	1	4	2	1	4	Sputum
Jiangsu	0.03	0.12	0.015	1	4	16	1	4	Sputum
Jiangsu	0.015	0.12	0.015	1	8	16	1	4	Balf
Jiangsu	0.015	0.12	0.015	1	2	1	1	2	Sputum
Jiangsu	0.015	0.06	0.008	1	8	0.5	1	8	BALF
Jiangsu	0.015	0.06	0.008	1	2	0.5	0.5	1	Sputum
Jiangsu	0.015	0.06	0.008	1	8	1	1	8	Sputum
Jiangsu	0.015	0.12	0.015	1	8	16	1	8	Sputum
Fujian	0.015	0.06	0.008	0.5	4	0.5	0.25	2	Ocular discharge
Fujian	0.015	0.06	0.008	2	8	2	2	8	Sputum

Antifungal agents	MIC/MEC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀ /MEC₅₀ (µg/mL)	MIC₉₀/MEC₉₀ (µg/mL)	Susceptibility distribution (%)
Antifungal agents	MIC/MEC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀ /MEC₅₀ (µg/mL)	MIC₉₀/MEC₉₀ (µg/mL)	S	SDD	I	R	WT	NWT
Anidulafungin	0.015-0.03	0.015	0.015	/	/	/	/	/	/
Caspofungin	0.06-0.25	0.12	0.12	/	/	/	/	100（82/82）	0
Micafungin	0.008-0.03	0.015	0.015	/	/	/	/	/	/
Voriconazole	0.5-2	1	1	/	/	/	/	100（82/82）	0
Posaconazole	0.12-1	0.5	0.5	/	/	/	/	100（82/82）	0
Amphotericin B	1-4	2	4	/	/	/	/	100（82/82）	0
Itraconazole	0.25-0.5	0.5	0.5	/	/	/	/	100（82/82）	0
Isavuconazole	0.5-1	1	1	/	/	/	/	100（82/82）	0

Antifungal agents	MIC/MEC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀ /MEC₅₀(µg/mL)	MIC₉₀/MEC₉₀(µg/mL)	Susceptibility distribution (%)
Antifungal agents	MIC/MEC range (µg/mL)	MIC₅₀ /MEC₅₀(µg/mL)	MIC₉₀/MEC₉₀(µg/mL)	S	SDD	I	R	WT	NWT
Anidulafungin	0.015-0.12	0.015	0.03	/	/	/	/	/	/
Caspofungin	0.06-0.12	0.06	0.12	/	/	/	/	100（18/18）	0
Micafungin	0.008-0.015	0.008	0.015	/	/	/	/	/	/
Voriconazole	0.25-1	0.5	1	/	/	/	/	83.33（15/18）	16.67（3/18）
Posaconazole	0.03-2	0.5	2	/	/	/	/	100（18/18）	0
Amphotericin B	0.5-2	1	2	/	/	/	/	100（18/18）	0
Itraconazole	0.12-16	1	16	/	/	/	/	83.33（15/18）	16.67（3/18）
Isavuconazole	0.12-8	2	8	/	/	/	/	83.33（15/18）	16.67（3/18）

Geographical origin	MIC/MEC (μg/mL)								Specimen type
Geographical origin	Anidulafungin	Caspofungin	Micafungin	Amphotericin B	Isavuconazole	Itraconazole	Posaconazole	Voriconazole	Specimen type
Jiangsu	0.015	0.12	0.015	0.5	8	16	2	8	Sputum
Fujian	0.015	0.06	0.008	1	8	16	1	8	Sputum
Fujian	0.015	0.06	0.008	1	8	16	2	8	Sputum

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