傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外（attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared，ATR-FTIR）光谱技术以其快速、准确、无创的特点，在生物医学领域尤其是临床血液学检验中显示出巨大潜力。该技术记录样本中分子的振动光谱，提供生物样品内核酸、蛋白质和脂质的化学结构信息，可用于疾病筛查和诊断。ATR-FTIR光谱技术在地中海贫血、艾滋病毒感染、乳腺癌、卵巢癌和脑瘤等疾病中的研究现状和发展情况，提示该技术结合化学计量学方法可实现疾病的快速筛查、诊断与鉴别诊断。ATR-FTIR光谱技术与偏最小二乘法回归模型相结合，以定量法分析人外周血样品中平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞体积和血红蛋白等地中海贫血筛查指标，筛查地中海贫血的灵敏度、特异度分别达到100.0%和95.3%。采用ATR-FTIR光谱技术，基于遗传算法的线性判别分析法，分析血液样本红外图谱中1 653 cm^-1（酰胺Ⅰ带）、1 558 cm^-1（酰胺Ⅱ带）、1 506 cm^-1（环基）和901 cm^-1（磷酸二酯伸缩带）处的特征峰，对人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染孕妇血液样本的辨别准确率为89%，灵敏度、特异度分别为83%、92%。采用主成分回归（principal component regression）法对乳腺患者血液ATR-FTIR光谱进行识别，其灵敏度与特异度高达92.3%与87.1%此外，ATR-FTIR光谱技术还可应用于生物医学领域的其他方面，如细胞和组织学样本的检测、疾病严重程度的分类等。ATR-FTIR光谱技术展现出广阔的应用前景，但仍面临环境干扰、样本污染等挑战。未来，随着ATR-FTIR光谱技术的优化、发展，其有望在更多疾病的临床血液学检验中发挥重要作用。

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy shows great potential for biomedical applications, especially in clinical hematology, due to its rapid, accurate, and non-invasive nature. The technique captures molecular vibrational spectra, yielding detailed chemical information of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in biological samples critical for disease screening and diagnosis. Extensive research demonstrates the efficacy of ATR-FTIR in diagnosing diseases, such as thalassemia, AIDS, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and brain tumors. Combining ATR-FTIR with chemometrics enables accurate disease screening and differential diagnosis. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression model was used to quantitatively analyze thalassaemia screening indices in human peripheral blood samples，such as mean erythrocyte haemoglobin content, mean erythrocyte volume and haemoglobin, and the sensitivity and specificity of screening reached 100.0% and 95.3%, respectively. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with linear discriminant analysis method based on genetic algorithm were used to identify the characteristic peaks at 1,558 cm^-1 (amide Ⅰ band), 1,506 cm^-1 (cyclic group) and 901 cm^-1 (phosphodiester stretching band) in the blood samples of pregnant women, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnoding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was 89% and and 92%, respectively. In breast cancer, ATR-FTIR coupled with principal component regression （PCR） methods reached sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 87.1%, respectively. Furthermore, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is applicable in other biomedical domains, such as detecting cellular and histological samples and classifying disease severity. Despite its promise, challenges like environmental interference and sample contamination persist. Future advancements and optimizations in ATR-FTIR spectroscopy are anticipated to enhance its role in clinical hematology and extend its applicability to a broader spectrum of diseases.