为建立科学、规范、可操作的感染性发热临床检验路径，解决当前感染性发热临床检验中存在的项目选择盲目、检测时机不当及多学科协作不足等问题，上海市微生物学会临床微生物学专业委员会、上海市医学会检验医学专科分会及分子诊断专科分会联合组织专家组，整合不同医疗机构感染性发热临床诊疗现状，结合循证医学证据与我国临床实践特点，参考2017年《发热待查诊治专家共识》等现有共识、指南及国内外相关法规标准，制定了2025年《感染性发热临床检验路径专家共识》。该共识的修订统一了感染性发热检验路径标准，规范了诊疗行为，优化了医疗资源配置，提升了诊疗质量，解决了临床中检验项目滥用与缺失并存、多学科协作不畅、不同层级医疗机构检验衔接断层等实际难题。本文围绕该共识修订背景、实施难点及临床意义等方面展开解读，针对共识新增的感染性发热鉴别诊断与临床特征界定、高危人群精准检测策略、分层级检验策略、新型实验室诊断技术应用等内容，重点解读其分层级检验策略、特殊病原体检测技术优选、高危人群个体化诊疗及多学科协作机制等核心内容，同时对于当前共识实施中存在的医疗资源配置不均衡、多学科协作不完善、新技术应用局限等问题进行探讨，并对未来随着检测技术革新，持续完善共识、推动感染性疾病诊疗水平进步进行展望，以期为各级医疗机构临床医生和检验人员提供切实可行的实践指导，进一步提升感染性发热的诊断效率、精准度，推动临床诊疗工作规范化发展。

To establish a scientific, standardized, and operable clinical laboratory pathway for infectious fever, and to address current problems such as blind selection of testing items, inappropriate testing timing, and inadequate multidisciplinary collaboration in clinical testing for infectious fever, the Clinical Microbiology Committee of the Shanghai Society for Microbiology and the Laboratory Medicine Branch and Molecular Diagnosis Branch of the Shanghai Medical Association jointly organized an expert panel. The panel integrated the current status of clinical diagnosis and treatment of infectious fever across different medical institutions, combined evidence-based medical evidence with the characteristics of clinical practice in China, and referred to existing consensuses and guidelines (such as the 2017 Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fever of Unknown Origin), as well as relevant domestic and international regulations and standards, to formulate the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Testing Pathway for Infectious Fever. The revision of this consensus unified the standards for the clinical testing pathway for infectious fever, standardized diagnosis and treatment behaviors, optimized allocation of medical resources, improved the quality of diagnosis and treatment, and addressed practical problems such as coexistence of overuse and underuse of testing items, poor multidisciplinary collaboration, and disconnection of testing services among medical institutions at different levels. This article interprets the revision background, implementation difficulties, and clinical significance of the consensus. It focuses on newly added contents such as the differential diagnosis and clinical feature definition of infectious fever, precise testing strategies for high-risk populations, hierarchical testing strategies, and application of novel laboratory diagnostic technologies. Additionally, it highlights core topics including hierarchical testing strategies, optimal selection of special pathogen detection technologies, individualized diagnosis and treatment for high-risk populations, and multidisciplinary collaboration mechanisms. Meanwhile, this article discusses current challenges in the implementation of the consensus, including unbalanced allocation of medical resources, inadequate multidisciplinary collaboration, and limitations in the application of new technologies. It also provides an outlook on the continuous improvement of the consensus with advances in testing technologies and promotion of progress in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, aiming to provide practical guidance for clinicians and laboratory personnel in medical institutions at all levels, further improve the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of infectious fever, and promote standardized development of clinical diagnosis and treatment.