绝经后女性衰弱的机制与绝经激素治疗的作用

doi:10.16138/j.1673-6087.2025.06.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

衰弱是一种与年龄增长相关的老年综合征，表现为多系统功能衰退，导致个体对外界应激的脆弱性增加，增高不良健康结局风险。流行病学研究表明，女性衰弱发生率高于男性，且受到绝经后雌激素水平急剧下降的影响显著，进而导致骨骼、肌肉、代谢和免疫功能的退化。绝经激素治疗（menopausal hormone therapy, MHT）作为绝经后管理的一种方式，其对衰弱风险的影响尚存争议。研究显示，MHT对衰弱相关生理指标具有明确的改善作用，但对衰弱的整体预防作用仍需更多高质量研究加以验证。本文就绝经与衰弱的相关证据进行综述，重点探讨MHT在其中的作用及局限性，未来研究应聚焦于个性化治疗策略、联合干预效果以及社会心理因素在衰弱管理中的作用。

关键词: 衰弱, 绝经后, 绝经激素治疗

Abstract:

Frailty is an age-related geriatric syndrome characterized by multisystem functional decline, which increases vulnerability to external stressors and raises the risk of adverse health outcomes. Epidemiological studies indicate a higher prevalence of frailty in women than in men, significantly influenced by the abrupt decline in estrogen levels after menopause, leading to deterioration in skeletal, muscular, metabolic, and immune functions. As an approach to postmenopausal management, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) remains to have a debated impact on frailty risk. Studies show that MHT has demonstrated clear benefits on frailty-related physiological indicators; however, its overall efficacy in frailty prevention requires further validation through high-quality studies. This review summarizes current evidence linking menopause and frailty, with a focus on the role and limitations of MHT. Future research should focus on personalized treatment strategies, effects of combined intervention, and the role of psychosocial factors in frailty management.

Key words: Frailty, Postmenopause, Menopausal hormone therapy

中图分类号:

R592
R711.75

牟睿, 蒋婕, 木卡大斯·热合曼, 童建菁. 绝经后女性衰弱的机制与绝经激素治疗的作用[J]. 内科理论与实践, 2025, 20(06): 505-509.

MU Rui, JIANG Jie, RAHMAN Mukadas, TONG Jianjing. Mechanisms of frailty in postmenopausal women and the role of menopausal hormone therapy[J]. Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice, 2025, 20(06): 505-509.

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