内科理论与实践 ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (01): 12-20.doi: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.01.02

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

快速启动抗病毒治疗对四川地区HIV-1感染初治患者病毒抑制和免疫恢复的影响

何沅鸿1(), 刘琳2, 刘欢霞1, 杨彤彤1,*()   

  1. 1.成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心,四川 成都 610000
    2.成都医学院公共卫生学院,四川 成都 610000
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20 修回日期:2026-02-09 接受日期:2026-02-14 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 杨彤彤 E-mail:yangtong_929@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省临床重点专科建设项目(2023AGRKP001)

Effects of rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy on viral suppression and immune recovery in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients in Sichuan province

HE Yuanhong1(), LIU Lin2, LIU Huanxia1, YANG Tongtong1,*()   

  1. 1. the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu 610000, China
    2. School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610000, China
  • Received:2026-01-20 Revised:2026-02-09 Accepted:2026-02-14 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-04-08

摘要:

目的:评估快速启动抗逆转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy, ART)对四川地区1型人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)感染初治患者病毒学抑制率和免疫功能恢复的影响。方法:前瞻性选取2020年3月至2024年5月在成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心感染科确诊并首次接受ART的HIV-1感染初治患者,按确诊至ART启动时间分为快速启动组(确诊后≤7 d)和对照组(确诊后8~30 d)。主要结局指标为病毒学抑制率和免疫功能恢复(CD4+T淋巴细胞计数变化),比较2组在治疗4、24和48周时的临床表现差异。结果:共纳入306例患者,其中快速启动组134例,对照组172例。快速启动组在治疗4、24、48周时病毒学抑制率分别为64.7%、87.9%和89.7%。与对照组相比,快速启动组在所有随访时间点均表现出更好的病毒学抑制效果(P<0.001)。免疫功能恢复方面,快速启动组的CD4+T淋巴细胞计数持续升高,从基线的239.5 个/μL升至48周的390 个/μL,CD4/CD8比值也持续改善(P<0.001)。2组生化指标无显著差异,未发生严重不良事件。结论:快速启动ART显著提高了四川地区HIV-1感染初治患者的病毒学抑制率,并加速早期免疫功能恢复。该策略为改善HIV-1感染治疗效果、减少病毒传播提供了有力证据。

关键词: 快速启动抗逆转录病毒治疗, 1型人类免疫缺陷病毒, 初治患者, 病毒学抑制, 免疫功能恢复

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effects of rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on virological suppression and immune recovery in treatment-naïve patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Sichuan province. Methods A prospective study was conducted on treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients who were diagnosed and received first-time ART at Department of Infectious Disease, the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, from March 2020 to May 2024. Participants were divided into two groups according to the time from diagnosis to ART initiation: a rapid initiation group (≤7 d after diagnosis) and a control group (8–30 d after diagnosis). The primary outcome measures were virological suppression rate and immune recovery (changes in CD4+ T lymphocyte count). Clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups at week 4, 24 and 48 of treatment. Results A total of 306 patients were enrolled, including 134 in the rapid initiation group and 172 in the control group. In the rapid initiation group, the virological suppression rates at week 4, 24 and 48 were 64.7%, 87.9% and 89.7%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the rapid initiation group demonstrated significantly better virological suppression at all follow-up time points (P<0.001). Regarding immune recovery, CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in the rapid initiation group showed a sustained increase from a baseline of 239.5 cells/μL to 390 cells/μL at week 48, along with a continuous improvement in the CD4/CD8 ratio (P<0.001). No significant differences were observed in biochemical parameters between the two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions Rapid initiation of ART significantly improves virological suppression rates and accelerates early immune recovery in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients in Sichuan province. This strategy provides strong evidence for enhancing treatment outcomes of HIV-1 infection and reducing viral transmission.

Key words: rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, treatment-naïve patients, virological suppression, immune recovery, Sichuan province

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