内科理论与实践 ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (01): 12-20.doi: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.01.02
收稿日期:2026-01-20
修回日期:2026-02-09
接受日期:2026-02-14
出版日期:2026-02-25
发布日期:2026-04-08
通讯作者:
杨彤彤 E-mail:yangtong_929@163.com
基金资助:
HE Yuanhong1(
), LIU Lin2, LIU Huanxia1, YANG Tongtong1,*(
)
Received:2026-01-20
Revised:2026-02-09
Accepted:2026-02-14
Online:2026-02-25
Published:2026-04-08
摘要:
目的:评估快速启动抗逆转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy, ART)对四川地区1型人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)感染初治患者病毒学抑制率和免疫功能恢复的影响。方法:前瞻性选取2020年3月至2024年5月在成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心感染科确诊并首次接受ART的HIV-1感染初治患者,按确诊至ART启动时间分为快速启动组(确诊后≤7 d)和对照组(确诊后8~30 d)。主要结局指标为病毒学抑制率和免疫功能恢复(CD4+T淋巴细胞计数变化),比较2组在治疗4、24和48周时的临床表现差异。结果:共纳入306例患者,其中快速启动组134例,对照组172例。快速启动组在治疗4、24、48周时病毒学抑制率分别为64.7%、87.9%和89.7%。与对照组相比,快速启动组在所有随访时间点均表现出更好的病毒学抑制效果(P<0.001)。免疫功能恢复方面,快速启动组的CD4+T淋巴细胞计数持续升高,从基线的239.5 个/μL升至48周的390 个/μL,CD4/CD8比值也持续改善(P<0.001)。2组生化指标无显著差异,未发生严重不良事件。结论:快速启动ART显著提高了四川地区HIV-1感染初治患者的病毒学抑制率,并加速早期免疫功能恢复。该策略为改善HIV-1感染治疗效果、减少病毒传播提供了有力证据。
中图分类号:
何沅鸿, 刘琳, 刘欢霞, 杨彤彤. 快速启动抗病毒治疗对四川地区HIV-1感染初治患者病毒抑制和免疫恢复的影响[J]. 内科理论与实践, 2026, 21(01): 12-20.
HE Yuanhong, LIU Lin, LIU Huanxia, YANG Tongtong. Effects of rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy on viral suppression and immune recovery in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients in Sichuan province[J]. Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice, 2026, 21(01): 12-20.
表1
不同ART启动时间HIV-1感染初治患者的基线特征[n(%)/M(Q1,Q3)]
| 变量 | 总计[n(%)] | 快速启动组(n=134) | 对照组(n=172) | χ²/Z | P |
| a:将“不详”剔除之后进行检验;b:Fisher确切检验。 | |||||
| 性别 | 0.977 | 0.323 | |||
| 男性 | 269(87.9) | 115(85.8) | 154(89.5) | ||
| 女性 | 37(12.1) | 19(14.2) | 18(10.5) | ||
| ART启动时年龄(岁) | –1.224 | 0.221 | |||
| 18~34 | 117(38.2) | 55(41.0) | 62(36.0) | ||
| 35~59 | 124(40.5) | 55(41.0) | 69(40.1) | ||
| ≥60 | 65(21.2) | 24(17.9) | 41(23.8) | ||
| 受教育程度 | 0.381a | 0.703 | |||
| 初等教育 | 38(12.4) | 14(10.4) | 24(14.0) | ||
| 中等教育 | 89(29.1) | 45(33.6) | 44(25.6) | ||
| 高等教育 | 178(58.2) | 75(56.0) | 103(59.9) | ||
| 其他/不详 | 1(0.3) | 0(0.0) | 1(0.6) | ||
| 传播途径 | 0.880 | 0.644 | |||
| 同性性传播 | 146(47.7) | 68(50.7) | 78(45.3) | ||
| 异性性传播 | 131(42.8) | 54(40.3) | 77(44.8) | ||
| 其他/不详 | 29(9.5) | 12(9.0) | 17(9.9) | ||
| 婚姻状况 | 2.898b | 0.414 | |||
| 未婚 | 152(49.7) | 69(51.5) | 83(48.3) | ||
| 已婚 | 123(40.2) | 48(35.8) | 75(43.6) | ||
| 离异 | 22(7.2) | 12(9.0) | 10(5.8) | ||
| 丧偶 | 9(2.9) | 5(3.7) | 4(2.3) | ||
| BMI(kg/m²) | 1.531 | 0.126 | |||
| <18.5 | 19(6.2) | 13(9.7) | 6(3.5) | ||
| 18.5~24.9 | 207(67.6) | 89(66.4) | 118(68.6) | ||
| ≥25 | 80(26.1) | 32(23.9) | 48(27.9) | ||
| 合并症 | 0.145 | 0.704 | |||
| 是 | 131(42.8) | 59(44.0) | 72(41.9) | ||
| 无 | 175(57.2) | 75(56.0) | 100(58.1) | ||
| HBV感染 | 0.492a | 0.483 | |||
| 是 | 29(9.5) | 11(8.2) | 18(10.5) | ||
| 否 | 275(89.9) | 123(91.8) | 152(88.4) | ||
| 不详 | 2(0.7) | − | 2(1.2) | ||
| HCV感染 | 0.041a | 0.84 | |||
| 是 | 3(1.0) | 2(1.5) | 1(0.6) | ||
| 否 | 300(98.0) | 132(98.5) | 168(97.7) | ||
| 不详 | 3(1.0) | − | 3(1.7) | ||
| 基线CD4计数(个/μL) | 2.091 | 0.148 | |||
| <200 | 126(41.2) | 49(36.6) | 77(44.8) | ||
| ≥200 | 180(58.8) | 85(63.4) | 95(55.2) | ||
| 基线HIV-1 RNA(拷贝/mL) | 0.083 | 0.774 | |||
| >1.0×105 | 149(48.7) | 64(47.8) | 85(49.4) | ||
| ≤1.0×105 | 157(51.3) | 70(52.2) | 87(50.6) | ||
表3
影响病毒性抑制的GEE Logistic回归分析结果
| 变量 | β | SE | OR (95% CI) | Wald χ² | df | P |
| 随访时间 | – | – | – | 53.441 | 2 | <0.001 |
| 快速启动组 | –0.070 | 0.367 | 0.932 (0.454~1.916) | 20.005 | 1 | <0.001 |
| 年龄 | –0.001 | 0.006 | 0.999 (0.987~1.011) | 0.078 | 1 | 0.780 |
| 基线VL(lg拷贝/mL) | 0.669 | 0.135 | 1.952 (1.499~2.542) | 23.676 | 1 | <0.001 |
| 基线CD4计数(/μL) | –0.002 | 0.001 | 0.998 (0.996~0.999) | 15.132 | 1 | <0.001 |
| 组别×时间 | – | – | – | 10.019 | 2 | 0.001 |
表4
影响病毒学抑制的因素GEE模型参数估计
| 变量 | B | OR | 95% CI | P |
| 随访时间(参照:治疗48周) | ||||
| 治疗4周 | –2.174 | 0.114 | 0.050,0.257 | <0.001 |
| 治疗24周 | –0.106 | 0.899 | 0.453,1.788 | 0.763 |
| 分组(参照:快速启动组) | ||||
| 对照组 | –1.552 | 0.212 | 0.102,0.451 | <0.001 |
| 年龄(每增加 1 岁) | 0.002 | 1.002 | 0.986,1.019 | 0.78 |
| 基线VL(每增加 1 lg拷贝/mL) | –1.149 | 0.317 | 0.199,0.504 | <0.001 |
| 基线CD4计数(每增加1 个/µL) | 0.004 | 1.004 | 1.002,1.006 | <0.001 |
| 交互作用 | ||||
| 对照组×治疗4周 | −1.506 | 0.222 | 0.091,0.544 | 0.001 |
| 对照组×治疗24周 | –0.454 | 0.635 | 0.254,1.584 | 0.33 |
表5
不同随访时间点2组患者生化及血常规指标比较[$\bar{x}±s$/ M(Q1,Q3)]
| 指标 | 快速启动组 | 对照组 | t/Z | P |
| 治疗4周 | n=126 | n=141 | ||
| 血常规 | ||||
| 血红蛋白(g/L) | 150(133,160) | 150(135,158) | –0.638 | 0.524 |
| 白细胞(×109/L) | 5.64(4.59,6.76) | 5.33(4.59,6.42) | –0.969 | 0.332 |
| 血小板(×109/L) | 201.80±60.69 | 209.73±73.88 | –0.951 | 0.342 |
| 肝功能 | ||||
| ALT(U/L) | 28(20,42) | 30(21,44) | –0.656 | 0.512 |
| AST(U/L) | 25(20,31) | 27(22,32) | –1.609 | 0.108 |
| 总胆红素(μmol/L) | 9.25(7.03,11.98) | 9.10(6.90,12.15) | –0.064 | 0.949 |
| 肾功能 | ||||
| 肌酐(μmol/L) | 78(70,85) | 77(68,85) | –0.331 | 0.741 |
| 尿酸(μmol/L) | 388.25±96.47 | 400.96±96.47 | –1.077 | 0.283 |
| 血脂 | ||||
| 总胆固醇(mmol/L) | 4.34(3.93,5.07) | 4.43(4.00,4.97) | –0.331 | 0.741 |
| 甘油三酯(mmol/L) | 1.60(1.18,2.37) | 1.49(1.02,2.12) | –1.494 | 0.135 |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 2.66(2.33,3.11) | 2.71(2.25,3.22) | –0.075 | 0.94 |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.13(1.01,1.33) | 1.11(0.94,1.35) | –0.718 | 0.473 |
| 血糖(mmol/L) | 5.20(4.78,5.65) | 5.19(4.84,5.68) | –0.595 | 0.552 |
| 治疗24周 | n=130 | n=166 | ||
| 血常规 | ||||
| 血红蛋白(g/L) | 155(143,163) | 155(145,161) | –0.628 | 0.53 |
| 白细胞(×109/L) | 5.55(4.69,7.03) | 5.37(4.65,6.48) | –1.437 | 0.151 |
| 血小板(×109/L) | 209.85±63.73 | 211.87±64.15 | –0.269 | 0.788 |
| 肝功能 | ||||
| ALT(U/L) | 26(18,40) | 27(19,40) | –0.356 | 0.722 |
| AST(U/L) | 24(20,30) | 25(20,29) | –0.529 | 0.597 |
| 总胆红素(μmol/L) | 10.70(8.36,14.60) | 11.40(7.98,14.90) | –0.15 | 0.881 |
| 肾功能 | ||||
| 肌酐(μmol/L) | 81.05±13.15 | 79.40±15.10 | 0.114 | 0.325 |
| 尿酸(μmol/L) | 397.09±85.42 | 389.57±93.64 | 0.712 | 0.477 |
| 血脂 | ||||
| 总胆固醇(mmol/L) | 4.47(4.00,5.13) | 4.52(4.00,5.08) | –0.413 | 0.68 |
| 甘油三酯(mmol/L) | 1.65(1.10,2.43) | 1.49(0.97,2.29) | –0.867 | 0.386 |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 2.81(2.30,3.33) | 2.79(2.22,3.34) | –0.248 | 0.804 |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.20(1.01,1.39) | 1.14(0.95,1.34) | –1.986 | 0.047 |
| 血糖(mmol/L) | 5.52±1.48 | 5.54±0.98 | –0.138 | 0.891 |
| 治疗48周 | n=133 | n=172 | ||
| 血常规 | ||||
| 血红蛋白(g/L) | 152.0(142.0,162.5) | 152.5(141.0,161.0) | –0.52 | 0.603 |
| 白细胞(×109/L) | 5.67 (4.90,6.95) | 5.75 (4.75,7) | –0.342 | 0.733 |
| 血小板(×109/L) | 209.0 (165.0,237.5) | 216.5(160.5,258.0) | –1.544 | 0.122 |
| 肝功能 | ||||
| ALT(U/L) | 22.0 (17.0,34.5) | 24.0(17.25,34.0) | –0.707 | 0.479 |
| AST(U/L) | 21.0 (18.0,25.0) | 23.0 (18.0,27.0) | –1.204 | 0.228 |
| 总胆红素(μmol/L) | 10.8 (7.95,14.50) | 10.6 (7.4,15.07) | –0.032 | 0.974 |
| 肾功能 | ||||
| 肌酐(μmol/L) | 82.0 (74.0,91.5) | 80.0 (71.25,90.0) | –0.608 | 0.543 |
| 尿酸(μmol/L) | 368.0 (320.5,429.5) | 382.0 (317.25,432.75) | –0.346 | 0.729 |
| 血脂 | ||||
| 总胆固醇(mmol/L) | 4.54 (3.96,5.12) | 4.43 (3.94,5.05) | –0.651 | 0.515 |
| 甘油三酯(mmol/L) | 1.66 (1.14,2.28) | 1.64 (1.0,2.26) | –0.261 | 0.794 |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 2.8 (2.25,3.33) | 2.72 (2.23,3.28) | –0.562 | 0.574 |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.18 (1.01,1.38) | 1.09 (0.92,1.32) | –2.336 | 0.019 |
| 血糖(mmol/L) | 5.35 (4.99,5.79) | 5.37 (4.91,5.85) | –0.216 | 0.829 |
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