目的：调查上海市参与新型冠状病毒（新冠）肺炎危重症护理护士的重症监护病房（intensive care unit，ICU）胜任力和传染病突发事件应对能力现状，并分析其影响因素。方法：采用便利抽样法抽取上海市6所三级甲等医院参与过新冠肺炎ICU工作的护士234名为研究对象。按原科室属性分为ICU组和非ICU组，采用ICU护士胜任力调查问卷和医护人员传染病突发事件应对能力调查问卷分别进行调查。结果：回收有效问卷234份，其中ICU组44份，非ICU组190份。2组ICU护士胜任力均处于良好水平，ICU组[（82.23±10.02）分]高于非ICU组[（71.14±11.36）分]（P<0.05），ICU组的良好及以上水平达到70.5%，非ICU组仅56.9%，而ICU组处于合格及以下水平的护士占29.5%。传染病突发事件应对能力ICU组为（3.62±0.70）分，非ICU组为（3.50±0.65）分，ICU组在准备、救援和整体应对能力均显著高于非ICU组（P<0.05）。多元线性回归显示，工作年限、是否具有突发事件应急救援经历和传染病突发事件应对能力等级是参与新冠肺炎危重症护理护士胜任力的主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：ICU组护士胜任力总分及各专业维度均高于非ICU组，但ICU组仍有一部分胜任力较低的护士，仍需加强培训；而2组传染病突发事件应对能力均处于中等水平。ICU护士胜任力水平受多种因素影响，工作年限越高、有传染病突发事件救援经历、传染病突发事件应对能力越高的护士，ICU护士胜任力越高。

Objective To investigate the current status of intensive care unit (ICU) competency and infectious disease emergency response capability of nurses involved in the critical care of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shanghai and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 234 nurses from six tertiary care hospitals ICU coping with COVID-19 coping ICU in Shanghai as study subjects. According to the ICU working experience prior to the pandemic, the nurses were divided into ICU and non-ICU groups. All the subjects were surveyed with the ICU nurse competency questionnaire and the health care workers’ infectious disease emergency response competency questionnaire. Results Of the 234 valid questionnaires returned, 44 belonged to the ICU group and 190 were from the non-ICU group. Although both groups performed well on ICU competency, the score of ICU group (82.23±10.02) was significantly higher than that of the non-ICU group (71.14 ±11.36) (P<0.05), with 70.5% of the ICU group maintaining at the good level and above, while only 56.9% of the non-ICU group reaching that level. The infectious disease emergency response competency score was (3.62±0.70) in the ICU group and (3.50±0.65) in the non-ICU group.The ICU group had slightly higher prevention, preparedness, rescue and overall response capabilities than the non-ICU group. Multiple linear regression showed that the infectious disease emergency response competency level and the presence of emergency response experience were the main factors contributing to the competency of nurses involved in the critical care of COVID-19 (P<0.05). Conclusions The total nursing competency score and overall professionally were higher in the ICU group than in the non-ICU group, but there were still some nurses with lower competency in the ICU group requiring further training. The infectious disease emergency response ability was at an intermediate level in both groups. The competency of ICU nurses could be attributed to multiple factors, such as extended work experience, particularly on infectious disease emergency.