目的：调查上海某三甲医院全科住院医师规范化培训基地医师（以下简称：全科住培医师）对低钠血症的认知现状，分析潜在影响因素，旨在为进一步提高全科住培医师对低钠血症的诊治能力提供参考依据。方法：选取2023 年7 月至2024年8月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院全科住培医师41名作为研究对象，根据《低钠血症的中国专家共识（2023版）》（以下简称：共识）设计问卷调查表，调查客观内容包括低钠血症分类、病因、诊断与评估、治疗以及患者生活方式的干预5个部分，主观内容包括全科住培医师是否认为掌握低钠血症相关内容有难度，是否有必要进行相关教学（包括讲课、共识指南研读等）。结果：41名全科住培医师平均得分为（73.22±22.63）分，其中低钠血症的治疗得分最低[（13.85±5.66）分]。二元Logistic回归分析显示，全科住培医师对低钠血症答题总分高低的影响因素为，是否参加低钠血症讲课培训[优势比（odds ratio，OR）=39.127, 95% CI:2.358~649.180, P=0.011]，以及是否研读共识（OR=19.189, 95% CI: 1.300~283.287, P=0.031）。参加低钠血症讲课培训组和研读共识指南组的5个板块得分均明显高于未参加或未研读组（均P<0.001）。参加低钠血症患者诊治组的5个板块得分均明显高于未参加诊治组（均P<0.001）。41名全科住培医师中，40名（97.56%）认为低钠血症知识点较难掌握；40名（97.56%）认为需要进行低钠血症相关教学；41名（100.00%）认为低钠血症相关讲课对临床工作有帮助；41名（100.00%）认为有必要学习低钠血症相关共识指南。结论：是否参加低钠血症讲课培训及是否研读共识是全科住培医师低钠血症考核总分高低的影响因素。全科住培医师认为低钠血症患者的综合管理有一定难度，亟待加强相关培训和学习。

Objective To investigate the current status of knowledge about hyponatremia among general practitioners in a standardized residency training base (hereafter referred to as general practice residents) at a tertiary grade-A hospital in Shanghai, and to analyze potential influencing factors, aiming to provide a reference for further improving the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of general practice residents regarding hyponatremia. Methods A total of 41 general practice residents at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were selected as the study subjects from July 2023 to August 2024. A questionnaire was designed based on the Chinese Expert Consensus on Hyponatremia (2023 Edition) (hereafter referred to as the Consensus). The objective survey content included five parts of hyponatremia: classification, etiology, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment, and patient lifestyle interventions. The subjective survey content included whether the general practice residents found it difficult to master the knowledge related to hyponatremia, and whether they considered it necessary to receive related teaching (including lectures and guideline study). Results The average total score of the 41 general practice residents was (73.22 ± 22.63) points, with the lowest score in the treatment of hyponatremia (13.85 ± 5.66) points. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the overall test score were whether they had attended lectures on hyponatremia [odds ratio (OR) = 39.127, 95% CI: 2.358~649.180, P = 0.011] and whether they had studied the Consensus (OR=19.189, 95% CI: 1.300~283.287, P = 0.031). Scores across all five sections were significantly higher in the group that had attended the lectures or studied the Consensus compared to those that had not (all P < 0.001). Scores across all five sections were also significantly higher in the group that had participated in the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia patients compared to the group that had not (all P < 0.001). Among the 41 residents, 40 (97.56%) considered the knowledge points of hyponatremia difficult to master; 40 (97.56%) believed that related teaching was necessary; 41 (100.00%) considered that lectures on hyponatremia were helpful for clinical work; and 41 (100.00%) believed it necessary to study the related consensus/guidelines. Conclusions Whether having attended lectures on hyponatremia and whether having studied the Consensus are influencing factors for the total assessment score on hyponatremia among general practice residents. The residents perceive the comprehensive management of patients with hyponatremia as somewhat difficult, demonstrating an urgent need to strengthen relevant training and learning.