共感染视角下人类免疫缺陷病毒与巨细胞病毒致神经系统损伤的机制及研究进展
收稿日期: 2026-01-16
修回日期: 2026-03-03
录用日期: 2026-03-05
网络出版日期: 2026-04-08
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82272318);深圳市医学研究专项资金临床医学专项(C2401021);深圳市第三人民医院;经深圳市重大新发突发传染病临床医学研究中心项目(20230731105307002);深圳市“三名工程”医学团队项目(SZSM202311033)
版权
Mechanisms and research progress of neurological damage caused by HIV and CMV from the perspective of co-infection
Received date: 2026-01-16
Revised date: 2026-03-03
Accepted date: 2026-03-05
Online published: 2026-04-08
Copyright
随着抗逆转录病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy，ART）的普及，人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者的寿命显著延长，但HIV相关神经认知障碍（HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder，HAND）的患病率并未同步下降。巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus, CMV）作为一种潜伏性机会性病原体，在HIV感染者中普遍存在，其与HIV的共感染可能通过协同作用加剧神经系统损伤，已成为影响患者长期生活质量和预后的关键因素。本文旨在系统阐述HIV与CMV共感染导致神经系统损伤的病毒学与免疫学基础、分子细胞机制、临床表型、诊断策略及治疗管理，并梳理最新研究进展与未来方向，为临床实践和科学研究提供整合性视角。
王耀 , 魏兰兰 , 初明 , 王福祥 . 共感染视角下人类免疫缺陷病毒与巨细胞病毒致神经系统损伤的机制及研究进展[J]. 内科理论与实践, 2026 , 21(01) : 62 -67 . DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2026.01.09
With the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the lifespan of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been significantly prolonged; however, the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has not decreased correspondingly. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), as a latent opportunistic pathogen, is prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. Co-infection of CMV and HIV may exacerbate neurological damage through synergistic effects and has become a key factor affecting the long-term quality of life and prognosis of patients. This article aims to systematically elucidate the virological and immunological basis, molecular and cellular mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic management of neurological damage caused by HIV and CMV co-infection, and to summarize the latest research progress and future directions, providing an integrated perspective for clinical practice and scientific research.
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