目的：调查我国三级甲等（三甲）医院重症监护病房(intensive care unit, ICU)护士成人人工气道管理能力现状，并分析其影响因素，为后期开展培训提供参考。方法：采用便利抽样法，于2024年4月—6月选取上海市、哈尔滨市2所三级甲等医院的366名ICU护士为调查对象，回收有效问卷309份。应用一般资料调查表、ICU护士成人人工气道管理能力问卷进行调查，采用多元线性回归分析ICU护士成人人工气道管理能力的影响因素。结果：309名ICU护士成人人工气道管理能力总分为（275.89±33.26）分，条目均分为（4.38±0.53）分。其中人工气道吸痰能力总分为（87.60±9.85）分，条目均分为（4.38±0.49）分；人工气道湿化能力总分为（48.40±6.37）分，条目均分为（4.40±0.58）分；人工气道气囊管理能力总分为（64.54±9.43）分，条目均分为（4.30±0.63）分；人工气道拔管护理能力总分为（30.60±4.61）分，条目均分为（4.37±0.66）分；人工气道并发症预防能力总分为（44.72±5.78）分，条目均分为（4.70±0.58）分。线性回归结果显示，科室、护理工作年限、ICU工作年限为ICU护士成人人工气道管理能力的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：三甲医院ICU护士成人人工气道管理能力处于中等偏上水平，未来应为不同科室和工作年限的护士开展针对性培训，尤其是人工气道气囊管理能力的加强，以进一步提升ICU护士人工气道管理综合能力。

Objective To investigate the current status of adult artificial airway management competence of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in tertiary grade-A hospitals in China, and to analyse its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for future training. Methods A total of 366 ICU nurses from 2 tertiary grade-A hospitals in Shanghai and Harbin were surveyed via convenience sampling from April to June 2024, and 309 valid questionnaires were returned. A general information questionnaire and the ICU nurses' adult artificial airway management competence questionnaire were used for the survey. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the factors influencing ICU nurses’ adult artificial airway management competence. Results The total score of adult artificial airway management competence of ICU nurses was (275.89 ±33.26) points with an average item score of (4.38±0.53) points. Among the dimensions, the score for artificial airway sputum suction ability was (87.60±9.85) points with an average item score of (4.38±0.49) points; artificial airway humidification competence was (48.40±6.37) points with an average item score of (4.40±0.58) points; artificial airway cuff management competence was (64.54±9.43) points with an average item score of (4.30±0.63) points; artificial airway extubation nursing competence was (30.60±4.61) points with an average item score of (4.37±0.66) points; and artificial airway complication prevention competence was (44.72±5.78) points with an average item score of (4.70±0.58) points. Linear regression analysis revealed that department, number of years working in nursing, and number of years working in the ICU were influencing factors for ICU nurses’ artificial airway management competence (P<0.05). Conclusions The adult artificial airway management competence of ICU nurses in tertiary grade-A hospitals is at an upper-intermediate level. In the future, targeted training should be carried out for nurses in different departments and with different years of working experience, with special emphasis on enhancing artificial airway cuff management competence, so as to further improve the comprehensive ability of artificial airway management of ICU nurses.