抗合成酶综合征（antisynthetase syndrome，ASS）是特发性炎性肌病的一种临床亚型，间质性肺疾病是其常见的并发症。本文报道1例44岁男性患者，发病前8个月因新型冠状病毒感染（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）伴重症肺炎接受治疗，糖皮质激素减停后肺部病变再次加重，临床表现为反复咳嗽、咳痰、气促，胸部影像学检查示双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影。入院后结合病史、体格检查和自身免疫抗体谱等辅助检查明确诊断为抗苏氨酰tRNA合成酶(threonyl-tRNA synthetase, PL-7)抗体阳性的ASS，同时合并ASS相关性非特异性间质性肺炎。对于以间质性肺疾病起病的社区获得性肺炎患者应加以临床鉴别，排除结缔组织疾病可能。呼吸道病毒感染可能参与结缔组织疾病相关间质性肺疾病急性加重，但其发病机制仍需进一步研究。

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) is a clinical subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, and interstitial lung disease is a common complication. The 44-year-old male patient had been treated for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by severe pneumonia 8 months earlier, and the pulmonary lesions worsened again after glucocorticoid tapering and discontinuation. Clinical manifestations included recurrent cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath, with diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lungs. After admission, a thorough medical history, comprehensive physical examination, and auxiliary tests including autoantibody profiles confirmed a diagnosis of ASS with positive anti-threonyl-tRNA synthetase (PL-7) antibodies, along with ASS-related nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia patients with onset of interstitial lung disease should be clinically differentiated to rule out the possibility of connective tissue diseases. Respiratory viral infections may contribute to acute exacerbations of interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue diseases, but their pathogenesis requires further exploration.