Abstract:

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can achieve long-term and stable viral suppression, some patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome still exhibit poor recovery of CD4⁺ T cell counts after treatment. This condition is commonly referred to as immune non-response (INR). Currently, there is no unified international definition or diagnostic threshold for INR, and the incidence rates reported in different studies vary significantly. INR is associated with multiple factors, but its key mechanisms remain unclear, and effective clinical treatment strategies are still lacking. This article systematically reviews the definitions, influencing factors, and therapeutic approaches for INR in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related research, aiming to provide a reference for subsequent studies and lay a foundation for the development of effective treatment strategies for INR.

Key words: human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, immune non-response, highly active antiretroviral therapy, CD4⁺ T cells, epidemiology