Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hyperuricemia (HUA) in Yun County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province, and to compare the differences in fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid, and liver function indicators between the HUA and non-HUA groups. Methods Data from 17 313 individuals with uric acid (UA) test results from the Department of Laboratory Medicine at Yun County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January and December 2024 were retrospectively collected to describe the detection status of HUA and its distribution across gender and age groups. Among them, 8 864 cases with complete UA, FBG, blood lipid, and liver function tests data were included to compare relevant biochemical indicators between the HUA and non-HUA groups. Results Among the 17 313 subjects, a total of 3 551 cases of HUA were identified, with a detection rate of 20.51%. The detection rate of HUA in males was 32.87%, higher than that in females (7.01%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The detection rate of HUA in males was highest in the 20–29 age group (48.33%), whereas in females, the rate was highest in the ≥70 age group (11.51%). Individuals with HUA exhibited abnormally elevated levels of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and FBG.Conclusions The detection rate of HUA in the UA testing population in Yun County is relatively high, with a significantly higher detection rate in males than in females. Young males and elderly females are the groups with high HUA detection rates. It is recommended to carry out blood UA screening, health education, and lifestyle interventions for key populations to reduce the risk of HUA and related metabolic disorders.