目的：探索无充气经锁骨下侧方入路在甲状旁腺手术中的安全性及有效性。方法：采用回顾性同期对照的方法，收集2024年11月—2025年4月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院住院行手术治疗的原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进病人共53例，其中20例无充气经锁骨下侧方入路手术为试验组，对照组按照性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、术前甲状旁腺激素等为匹配条件，选取相同时间段手术的常规颈前区入路的病人1∶1配比，作病例对照研究。比较两组的手术疗效、术后疼痛、并发症发生率和美容效果等指标。结果：两组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及手术成功率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。住院期间术后并发症（包括声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳、切口感染、切口血肿及发热）的发生率及术后疼痛评分两组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在术后1个月的瘢痕评估中，试验组的评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。试验组的美容效果满意度评分明显优于对照组（P<0.01）。结论：无充气经锁骨下侧方入路甲状旁腺切除术作为一种更适合甲状旁腺解剖特征的新型手术方式，具有较好的有效性及安全性，未显著增加手术风险。在安全切除病灶的同时，颈前不遗留手术瘢痕，具有美容效果好的优势。作为一种安全可行的手术方式，为甲状旁腺手术病人提供了一个理想的新选择。

Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of gasless subclavicular lateral approach in parathyroid surgery. Methods A retrospective comparative study was conducted to collect a total of 53 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent surgical treatment at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2024 to April 2025. Among them, 20 patients underwent subclavicular lateral approach surgery (experimental group). The control group was matched 1∶1 based on criteria including gender, age, tumor size, and preoperative （parathyroid hormone, PTH） levels. Twenty patients who underwent conventional anterior cervical approach during the same period were selected for a case-control study. The surgical efficacy, postoperative incision pain, incidence of complications, and cosmetic effects between two groups were compared. Results There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in operative time, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, and surgical efficiency between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications such as hoarseness, water choking, incision infection, incision hematoma, fever, and postoperative pain scores between the two groups during hospitalization (P>0.05). In the scar assessment one month after surgery, the score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction score of the beauty effect in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions Gasless subclavicular lateral approach for parathyroidectomy, as an emerging and anatomically optimized surgical technique, has good effectiveness and safety, without significantly increasing surgical risks. It can safely remove lesions without leaving surgical scars in the anterior neck, and has the advantage of good cosmetic effects. As a safe and feasible surgical method, it provides a new and ideal choice for patients undergoing parathyroid surgery.