组织工程与重建外科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 34-.

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小型猪下颌角骨折外固定装置力学性能的三维有限元研究

  

  • 出版日期:2026-01-29 发布日期:2026-03-05

Three-dimensional finite element study of the mechanical properties of
external fixation device for mandibular angle fracture in a miniature pig

  • Online:2026-01-29 Published:2026-03-05

摘要:

目的 构建小型猪下颌角骨折有限元模型,并在骨折处模拟安装自主研发的外固定装置,利用三维有限元技术分析该外固定装置的生物力学性能,为临床应用奠定基础。方法 选取1只体质量为20 kg的健康巴马小型猪,进行头颅CT扫描,将扫描的DICOM数据导入到Mimics中进行头颅三维重建,将STL格式文件导入到Geomagic Studio软件中完成几何逆建模,将生成的IGES格式的通用曲面几何文件导入到Solidworks软件中设置下颌角处虚拟骨折。同时将自主研发的下颌骨外固定装置数据导入到Solidworks软件中进行三维重建,并于下颌角骨折处进行模拟安装。将下颌骨IGES格式数据及外固定装置数据导入到 ICEM 软件中进行网格划分,生成 UNS网格文件,将其导入到 Workbench软件中分析一定载荷下的下颌骨及外固定装置的应力变化、应变。结果 经三维有限元分析,在右侧下颌骨第一磨牙窝加载垂直向下的 196 N载荷后,下颌角骨折断端两侧产生的最大主应力均小于下颌骨的极限强度 103 MPa。螺钉产生最大Von-Mises等效应力的位置是骨折后端上方,约为244.24 MPa。螺帽产生最大Von-Mises等效应力的位置也是在骨折后端上方,约为107.38 MPa。外固定板产生最大Von-Mises等效应力的位置是骨折前端下方螺孔处,约为138.54 MPa。螺钉材料为医用不锈钢 00Cr18ni14mo3,极限强度为 860 MPa。螺帽、外固定板的材料为钛合金 Tc4,极限强度为 895 MPa。外固定装置的 3 种结构产生的应力均低于其材料的极限强度。外固定装置整体变形量为 0.861 mm,应变量小。结论利用医学数字图像软件及三维有限元软件建立的小型猪下颌角骨折及外固定装置模型仿真度高,可提供多次模拟实验。根据三维有限元分析结果,自主研发的下颌骨外固定装置可实现小型猪下颌角处骨折的坚强固定。

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Abstract:

Objective To construct a finite element model of a miniature pig’s mandibular angle fracture with simulated
installation of a self-developed external fixation device at the fracture site, and to analyze the device’s biomechanical performance by three-dimensional finite element technology, thereby laying a foundation for clinical application. Methods A healthy Bama miniature pig weighing 20 kg was selected for cranial CT scanning. The scanned DICOM data were imported into Mimics for cranial three-dimensional reconstruction. The STL file was then imported into Geomagic Studio software to complete geometric reverse modeling. The resulting IGES file, a universal surface geometry file, was imported into Solidworks software to set up a virtual fracture at the mandibular angle. At the same time, the data of the self-developed mandibular external fixation device was imported into the Solidworks software for three-dimensional reconstruction, and a simulation installation was carried out at the fracture site of the mandibular angle. The IGES data of the mandible and the data of the external fixation device were imported into ICEM software for meshing to generate an UNS mesh file, which was then imported  into Workbench software to analyze the stress and strain changes of the mandible and the external fixation device under a certain load. Results Three-dimensional finite element analysis revealed that after applying a vertically downward 196 N load at the first molar fossa of the right mandible, the maximum principal stress generated on both sides of the mandibular angle fracture ends was less than the ultimate strength of the mandible,103 MPa. The location of maximum Von-Mises stress of the screw was above the posterior end of the fracture, approximately 244.24 MPa. The location of maximum Von-Mises stress of the nut was also above the posterior end of the fracture, approximately 107.38 MPa. The location of maximum VonMises stress of the plate was at the screw hole below the anterior fracture end, approximately 138.54 MPa. The screw material  was medical stainless steel 00Cr18ni14mo3, with an ultimate strength of 860 MPa. The nut and plate material was titanium alloy Tc4, with an ultimate strength of 895 MPa. The stresses produced by the three structures of the external fixation device were all below the ultimate strength of its material. The overall deformation of the external fixation device was 0.861 mm, and the strain was small. Conclusion The models of the mandibular angle fracture and the external fixation device of the miniature pig established using medical digital imaging software and three-dimensional finite element software have high simulation accuracy and can provide multiple simulation experiments. According to the results of the three-dimensional finite element analysis, the selfdeveloped external fixation device for the mandible can achieve rigid fixation of the miniature pig’s mandibular angle fracture.

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