微球体指由天然或合成的高分子材料制成的、直径从几十微米到几百微米不等的微小球体。该材料具有良好的多孔性、生物相容性、生物降解性、递载缓释功能以及成骨诱导性等优势,使其成为极具应用潜能的骨组织工程材料。在骨再生过程中,微球体可为种子细胞的黏附、增殖与分化提供微环境,维系一定的立体构型而引导组织细胞的迁移生长,并可作为干细胞、生长因子、药物等的载体,更好地调控新骨形成。本文对微球体的特征及其在骨组织工程中的研究进展进行综述,并展望该材料未来的应用发展。

Microspheres refer to the tiny spherical particles made from natural or synthetic polymers, whose diameters range from tens of microns to hundreds of microns.This material serves as an a bone tissue engineering material with great application potential due to its good porosity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, delivery and sustained release of biomolecules and osteoinductive properties. In the process of bone regeneration, microspheres can provide a microenvironment for the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of seed cells, maintaining a certain three-dimensional configuration and guiding the migration and growth of tissue cells. In addition, microspheres can be used as a carrier of stem cells, growth factors and drugs to better regulate the formation of new bone. In this paper, the characteristics of microspheres and the research progress in bone tissue engineering were reviewed and the future application and development of microspheres were prospected.