黑色素瘤是一类起源于神经嵴黑色素细胞的高度恶性肿瘤,易发生远处转移,转移性黑色素瘤患者的预后很差。近年来,免疫治疗逐渐成为黑色素瘤治疗的新方向,越来越多的免疫药物被用于临床治疗。其中,对T细胞肿瘤免疫研究日益深入,多个有治疗意义的T细胞调节通路位点和共刺激分子被发现,并被用于加强对黑色素细胞瘤的免疫反应。本文就两种单克隆抗体,即程序死亡分子1(PD-1)和抗细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4),以及两种共刺激分子OX40和4-1BB在近年的研究进展进行综述。

Malignant melanoma is a kind of highly malignant tumor originated from neural crest melanin ceils, prone to distant metastases, the prognosis of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma is poor. Immunotherapy in recent years gradually becomes the new direction for treating malignant melanoma, a growing number of immune drugs are used in clinical treatment. There has been a revolution in the clinical management of melanoma with the development of multiple antibodies that influence T cell regulatory pathways, including checkpoint inhibition and co-stimulation. In this paper, two monoelonal antibodies （PD-1 and CTLA-4）, and two costimulatory pathways （OX40 and 4-1BB） were reviewed to describe the recent progress for treating melanoma.