microRNA是一类长约20~22个核苷酸的非编码小RNA,能够在转录后水平调控基因表达,在细胞衰老、疾病发生发展等多种生命进程中具有重要的调控作用,在抗衰老和多种疾病治疗方面具有巨大的应用潜力。近年来,microRNA在组织工程等领域均成为研究热点。本文对microRNA的生物合成过程、作用机制,及其与衰老相关疾病的关系和临床应用进展进行综述。

The microRNA is only 20-22 nucleotides in length and can work as post-DNA transcription regulator for gene expression. It has an important regulating role in the life process such as cell aging, disease and so on. So microRNA has a huge potential for anti-aging and disease treatment. Nowadays it has become one of the most intense interests to the tissue engineering and other area of medicine. In this paper, the biogenesis, mechanism, relationship with cell aging and age-associated diseases and the clinical application of microRNA were reviewed.