简要介绍了NK 7397型活塞式空气压缩机的组成、工作原理，并详细分析了一级安全阀起跳的故障情况。通过分析研究，发现导致一级安全阀起跳的原因包括阀自身故障、下游气体流程堵塞等。针对这些故障原因，提出了相应的解决和预防措施，如加强预防性维护、合理选择维修策略、减少人员工作失误等，以降低设备故障率，保证压缩机的正常运行。

The composition and working principle of NK 7397 piston air compressor are briefly introduced， and the take-off fault of primary safety valve is analyzed in detail. Through analysis and research， it is found that the reasons for the take-off of the primary safety valve include the failure of the valve itself， the blockage of the downstream gas flow and so on. In view of these fault causes， the corresponding solutions and preventive measures are put forward， such as strengthening preventive maintenance， reasonable selection of maintenance strategy， reducing personnel errors， etc.， in order to reduce the equipment failure rate and ensure the normal operation of the compressor.