某海上采油平台开采的井流高温、高盐，并且含有硫化氢和砂质等杂质。为满足外输温度要求，采用电加热器直接加热的方式对原油进行加热。设备运行过程中出现加热器绝缘低、系统启动高温保护停机、换热效率降低等故障，影响油田正常生产。通过设备制造过程中的选材、制造工艺复查、设备拆解、加热管表面垢进行实验室分析化验等手段对故障原因进行分析，得出故障的直接及间接原因，并给出避免加热器绝缘低、系统启动高温保护停机等故障的有效措施，以期为其他平台电加热器运维给予参考、借鉴。

The well flow extracted from a certain offshore oil production platform has high temperature， high salinity， and contains impurities such as hydrogen sulfide and sand. In order to meet the export temperature requirements， an electric heater is used for direct heating. During the operation of the equipment， faults such as low insulation of the heater， high temperature protection shutdown during system startup， and reduced heat exchange efficiency occur， which affect the normal production of the oilfield. Through material selection and manufacturing process review during equipment manufacturing， equipment disassembly， and laboratory analysis and testing of scale on heating tube surfaces， the direct and indirect causes of the malfunction are analyzed， and effective measures are provided to avoid low insulation of the heater， high temperature protection and shutdown during system startup， etc.， in order to provide reference and guidance for the operation and maintenance of electric heaters on other platforms.