随着海洋油气勘探开发的快速发展和海上交通的日益繁忙，海上油气生产设施的安全防范问题愈发严峻。巴西国家石油公司为保护其东部海域油气生产设施的安全，近20年来向国际海事组织（IMO）先后申请设置了5个避航区（ATBA），禁止商船穿行。本文分析了巴西东部海域油气生产的特点及主要避航区的设置历程，重点介绍了基于船舶自动识别系统（AIS）数据的油田周边航道及船舶密度分析、浮式生产储卸油装置（FPSO）与商船发生碰撞事故概率的计算方法和避航区多边形区域的设计方法。研究结果表明，结合避航区和海上电子围栏系统可以提升海上油气设施的安全系数，为相关领域研究人员提供有益参考。

With the rapid development of offshore oil and gas exploration and production， as well as the increasingly busy maritime traffic， the issue of safety precautions for offshore oil and gas production facilities has become increasingly severe. To safeguard the security of its oil and gas production facilities in the eastern offshore， Brazil has applied to the International Maritime Organization （IMO） over the past two decades to establish five areas to be avoided （ATBA）， where commercial ships are prohibited from passing through. This paper analyzes the characteristics of oil and gas production in Brazil’s eastern offshore and the establishment process of these five ATBAs. Furthermore， it introduces the analysis of waterways and vessel density around oilfields based on ship automatic identification system （AIS） data， the calculation method for the probability of collision accidents between floating production storage and offloading （FPSO） vessels and merchant ships， and the design method for polygon ATBAs. The experience of Brazil in establishing these zones provides a valuable reference for China’s offshore oil and gas development. Specifically， it suggests enhancing the safety factor of offshore oil and gas facilities by combining ATBA with existing maritime electronic fence systems.