用法决定语法——认知语言学的用法基础论

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2014.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 认知语言学坚持以用法为基础的研究范式,主张语言的结构和组织模式是从语言使用中浮现而生的。本文首先介绍以用法为基础的研究范式的基本假设,接着探讨语法的浮现观以及以用法为基础的语言习得、联结主义模型、语言演变等。在认知学者看来,以用法为基础的理论可以为语言系统及其表征提供较充分的解释。

关键词: 用法基础论, 认知语言学, 使用频率, 浮现语法, 用法事件

Abstract: Cognitive Linguistics adopts a usage-based approach in research, which views linguistic structures as well as their organizing patterns as constructs emerging from language use. This paper first introduces the basic assumptions of usage-based paradigm, and then discusses the emergent account of grammar, followed by illustration of language acquisition, connectionist model in language processing and language evolution in usage-based approach. The usage-based theory, in the view of cognitive researchers, can provide adequate explanations for language system and its representations.

中图分类号:

H0-06

尚国文. 用法决定语法——认知语言学的用法基础论[J]. 当代外语研究, 2014, 14(07): 17-21.

SHANG Guowen. Grammar Grounded in Use: Usage-based Theory in Cognitive Linguistics[J]. Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies, 2014, 14(07): 17-21.

参考文献

Barsalou, M. 1999. Perceptual symbol systems [J]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22: 577-609.
Braine, M. 1976. Children's first word combinations [J]. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 41(1): 1-104.
Bush, N. 2001. Frequency effects and word-boundary palatalization in English [A]. In M. Barlow & S. Kemmer (eds.). Usage-Based Models of Language [C]. Stanford: CSLI Publications. 255-80.
Bybee, J. 2000. The phonology of the lexicon: Evidence from lexical diffusion [A]. In M. Barlow & S. Kemmer (eds.). Usage-Based Models of Language [C]. Stanford: CSLI Publications. 65-85.
Bybee, J. 2006. From usage to grammar: The mind's response to repetition [J]. Language 82: 711-33.
Bybee, J. & P. Hopper. 2001. Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Chomsky, N. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax [M]. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Cooper, W. E. & J. Paccia-Cooper. 1980. Syntax and Speech [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Croft, W. 2000. Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach [M]. London: Longman.
Croft, W. & D. Cruse. 2004. Cognitive Linguistics [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Evans, V. & M. Green. 2006. Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction [M]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Givón, T. 1979. On Understanding Grammar [M]. New York: Academic Press.
Harley, T. 2001. The Psychology of Language [M]. East Sussex: Psychology Press.
Hopper, P. 1998. Emergent grammar [A]. In M. Tomasello (ed.). The New Psychology of Language [C]. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 155-75.
Kemmer, S. & M. Barlow. 2000. Introduction: A usage-based conception of language [A]. In M. Barlow & S. Kemmer (eds.). Usage-Based Models of Language [C]. Stanford: CSLI Publications. 7-28.
Langacker, R. W. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Volume 1: Theoretical Prerequisites [M]. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Langacker, R. W. 1997. The contextual basis of cognitive semantics [A]. In J. Nuyts & E. Pederson (eds.). Language and Conceptualization [C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 229-52.
Langacker, R. W. 2000. A dynamic usage-based model [A]. In M. Barlow & S. Kemmer (eds.). Usage-Based Models of Language [C]. Stanford: CSLI Publications. 1-63.
MacWhinney, B. 1999. The Emergence of Language [M]. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Rumelhart, D. E. & J. L. McClelland. 1982. An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 2. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model [J]. Psychological Review 89: 60-94.
Saffran, J., R. Aslin & E. Newport. 1996. Statistical learning by 8-month old infants [J]. Science 274 (5294): 1926-28.
Stemberger, J. P. 1985. An interactive activation model of language production [A]. In A. W. Ellis (ed.). Progress in the Psychology of Language, Vol. 1 [C]. Hover: Lawrence Erlbaum Associations. 143-86.
Tomasello, M. 2000. First steps in a usage based theory of language acquisition [J]. Cognitive Linguistics 11: 61-82.
Tomasello, M. 2003. Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Tummers, J., K. Heylen & D. Geeraerts. 2005. Usage-based approaches in Cognitive Linguistics: A technical state of the art [J]. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 1-2: 225-61.
尚国文.2011.语言理解的感知基础[J].外语学刊(4):8-14.

[1]	田秘, 赵永峰. 概念整合理论的批评认知语言学阐释——以“the *ly challenged”委婉构式为例[J]. 当代外语研究, 2021, 452(2): 84-95.
[2]	向课书, 吴芙芸. 区域类型特色壮语双宾论元交替句式的产出分布[J]. 当代外语研究, 2020, 450(6): 59-67.
[3]	王寅. 像似性十辩——体认语言学的像似观新解[J]. 当代外语研究, 2019, 19(01): 57-66.
[4]	王庆;潘雪瑶;. 英语同译词心理表征发展中的语义迁移机制[J]. 当代外语研究, 2018, 18(03): 87-92.
[5]	杨永林. 经典与新锐辉映,理论与应用齐飞——英语写作要加强“一体化”与“本体化”研究[J]. 当代外语研究, 2017, 17(02): 3-7.
[6]	钟书能, 刘爽. 虚拟位移的语法构式特征研究[J]. 当代外语研究, 2017, 17(01): 51-56.
[7]	范莉;. 语言与思维:在语言发展的过程中[J]. 当代外语研究, 2016, 16(05): 6-15.
[8]	贺杰;周流溪;. 认知语言学视域下英汉爱情隐喻的哲学基础与文化映射[J]. 当代外语研究, 2015, 15(11): 30-35+78.
[9]	王容花. 隐喻的“两只眼”——概念隐喻与语法隐喻之融合与互补[J]. 当代外语研究, 2014, 14(09): 36-41.
[10]	钟书能;马欣欣;. ICM理论对李煜词作的解读[J]. 当代外语研究, 2014, 14(05): 12-15+76.
[11]	Vyvyan Evans;张晓;. 《牛津认知语言学手册》述评[J]. 当代外语研究, 2014, 14(05): 68-72.
[12]	胡洁;. 科技术语翻译的文化特征及策略分析——以footprint的翻译为例[J]. 当代外语研究, 2013, 13(05): 53-57+78.
[13]	胡壮麟;. 我国认知符号学研究的发展[J]. 当代外语研究, 2013, 13(02): 6-10+77.
[14]	王寅;. 读书·教书·写书——兼论“继承与发展应用兼创新”[J]. 当代外语研究, 2013, 13(01): 1-5+79.
[15]	张媛;. 现代汉语动量词层现的认知模式假说——心智哲学与认知语言学的交叉研究[J]. 当代外语研究, 2012, 12(08): 21-25+76.