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Visualization System for Closed Thoracic Drainage Puncture Based on Augmented Reality and Ultrafine Diameter Camera Qin Wei, Wang Shuyi, Chen Xueyu, Zhuang Yiwei, Shen Yichun, Shen Yuhán J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (3): 417-424.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-025-2808-6 Abstract （84）      PDF（pc） （1524KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save Closed thoracic drainage can be performed using a steel-needle-guided chest tube to treat pleural effusion or pneumothorax in clinics. However, the puncture procedure during surgery is invisible, increasing the risk of surgical failure. Therefore, it is necessary to design a visualization system for closed thoracic drainage. Augmented reality (AR) technology can assist in visualizing the internal anatomical structure and determining the insertion point on the body surface. The structure of the currently used steel-needle-guided chest tube was modified by integrating it with an ultrafine diameter camera to provide real-time visualization of the puncture process. After simulation experiments, the overall registration error of the AR method was measured to be within (3.59±0.53) mm, indicating its potential for clinical application. The ultrafine diameter camera module and improved steel-needle-guided chest tube can timely reflect the position of the needle tip in the human body. A comparative experiment showed that video guidance could improve the safety of the puncture process compared to the traditional method. Finally, a qualitative evaluation of the usability of the system was conducted through a questionnaire. This system facilitates the visualization of closed thoracic drainage puncture procedure and provides an implementation scheme to enhance the accuracy and safety of the operative step, which is conducive to reducing the learning curve and improving the proficiency of the doctors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of Wireless Power Receiving Coil for Near-Infrared Capsule Robot Wang Wei, Zhou Cheng, Jiang Jinlei, Cui Xinyuan, Yan Guozheng, Cui Daxiang J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (3): 425-432.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2717-0 Abstract （54）      PDF（pc） （1554KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save An optimizing method for designing the wireless power receiving coil (RC) is proposed in this paper to address issues such as insufficient and fluctuating power supply in the near-infrared capsule robot. An electromagnetic and circuit analysis is conducted to establish the magnetic induction intensity and equivalent circuit models for the wireless power transmission system. Combining these models involves using the number of layers in each dimension as the optimization variable. Constraints are imposed based on the normalized standard deviation of the receiving-end load power and spatial dimensions. At the same time, the optimization objective aims to maximize the average power of the receiving-end load. This process leads to formulating an optimization model for the RC. Finally, three-dimensional RCs with three different sets of parameters are wound, and the receiving-end load power of these coils is experimentally tested under various drive currents. The experimental values of the receiving-end load power exhibit a consistent trend with theoretical values, with experimental values consistently lower than theoretical values. The optimized coil parameters are determined by conducting comparative experiments, with a theoretical value of 4.6% for the normalized standard deviation of the receiving-end load power and an average experimental value of 9.6%. The study addressed the power supply issue of near-infrared capsule robots, which is important for early diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanical and Permeability Properties of Radial-Gradient Bone Scaffolds Developed by Voronoi Tessellation for Bone Tissue Engineering Xu Qingyu, Hai Jizhe, Shan Chunlong, Li Haijie J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (3): 433-445.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2770-8 Abstract （74）      PDF（pc） （4136KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Irregular bone scaffolds fabricated using the Voronoi tessellation method resemble the morphology and properties of human cancellous bones. This has become a prominent topic in bone tissue engineering research in recent years. However, studies on the radial-gradient design of irregular bionic scaffolds are limited. Therefore, this study aims to develop a radial-gradient structure similar to that of natural long bones, enhancing the development of bionic bone scaffolds. A novel gradient method was adopted to maintain constant porosity, control the seed sitespecific distribution within the irregular porous structure, and vary the strut diameter to generate radial gradients. The irregular scaffolds were compared with four conventional scaffolds (cube, pillar BCC, vintiles, and diamond) in terms of permeability, stress concentration characteristics, and mechanical properties. The results indicate that the radial-gradient irregular porous structure boasts the widest permeability range and superior stress distribution compared to conventional scaffolds. With an elastic modulus ranging from 4.20 GPa to 22.96 GPa and a yield strength between 68.37 MPa and 149.40 MPa, it meets bone implant performance requirements and demonstrates significant application potential. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Drive System Technique    2025, 39 (1): 7-12.   Abstract （72）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Unidirectionally Sensitive Flexible Resistance Strain Sensor Based on AgNWs/PDMS LIU Xinyue, SUN Weiming, HE Mengfan, FANG Yuan, DJOULDE Aristide, DING Wei, LIU Mei, MENG Lingjun, WANG Zhiming J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (2): 209-219.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2711-6 Abstract （256）      PDF（pc） （1725KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save The flexible strain sensor has found widespread application due to its excellent flexibility, extensibility,  and adaptability to various scenarios.  This type of sensors face challenges in direction identification owing to  strong coupling between the principal strain and transverse resistance.  In this study, a silver nanowires (AgNWs)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) strain sensor was developed, using a filtration method for preparing the AgNWs film which was then combined with PDMS to create a unidirectional, highly sensitive, fast-responsive,  and linear flexible strain sensor.  When the grid width is 0.25 mm, the AgNWs/PDMS strain sensor demonstrates  an outstanding unidirectional sensitivity, with a strain response solely along the parallel direction of the grid  lines (noise ratio α ≈ 8%), and a fast reaction time of roughly 106.99 ms.  In the end, this sensor’s ability to  detect curvature was also demonstrated through LEDs, demonstrating its potential applications in various fields,  including automotive, medical, and wearable devices. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Wideband Microstrip-to-Microstrip Vialess Vertical Transition Based on Multilayer Liquid Crystal Polymer Technology LIU Weihong , GUAN Dongyang , HUANG Qian , CHEN Liuyang, ZHANG Menglin J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (2): 220-226.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2621-z Abstract （170）      PDF（pc） （1902KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save A Ka-band wideband microstrip-to-microstrip (MS-to-MS) vialess vertical transition on slotline multimode  resonator (MMR) is presented. The proposed transition mainly consists of a slotline MMR on the common  ground plane, and two microstrip (MS) lines facing each other at the top and third layers in the four-layered liquid  crystal polymer (LCP) substrate. In order to improve the bandwidth of the proposed transition, a U-shaped  branch is added to the top- and third-layer MS lines, separately. The slotline MMR can be properly excited by  setting the position of the U-shaped branch line. As such, a three-pole wideband vertical transition is obtained,  which shows a good transmission performance over a wide frequency range of 29.27—39.95 GHz. The three-pole  wideband vertical transition based on multilayer LCP substrate is designed, fabricated, and measured. Test results  indicate that a wide frequency range of 26.84—36.26 GHz can be obtained with return loss better than −10 dB  and insertion loss less than −3dB. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Compact Integrated Lumped-Element Bandpass Filter Loaded with Defected Ground Structure Based on Multilayer Liquid Crystal  Polymer Substrate LIU Weihong, CHEN Yuan, HUANG Qian, LIU Qingran J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (2): 227-232.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2622-y Abstract （146）      PDF（pc） （1544KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save Design of a miniaturized lumped-element bandpass filter in multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology  is proposed. Fractional bandwidth of the bandpass filter is 20%, operating at a center frequency of 500MHz. In  order to further reduce the size and improve the performance of the proposed filter, defected ground structure (DGS) has been implemented in the filter. Based on this structure, the volume of the inductor is reduced by 60% efficiently compared with the inductor without DGS, and the Q-factor is increased up to 257% compared  with the traditional multilayer spiral inductor. The measured results indicate that the designed filter has a very  sharp stopband, an insertion loss of 2.3 dB, and a return loss of 18.6 dB in the passband. The whole volume of  the fabricated filter is 0.032λg × 0.05λg × 0.000 75λg, where λg is the guided wavelength of the center frequency. The proposed filter is easily integrated into radio-frequency/microwave circuitry at a low manufacturing cost,  especially wireless communication. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diabetes in China PEI Zhou, LUO Feihong Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (05): 461-466.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.05.001 Abstract （460）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （925KB）（361）       Knowledge map    Save The global incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years is about 1 211.9/10 million, with an incidence rate of 149.5/1 million person-years. In China, the incidence of T1DM in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years is about 56/1 million, with an incidence rate of 6.1/1 million person-years. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents has been rising annually. Epidemiological data shows that the incidence of T2DM among adolescents in the United States increased from 34/100 000 in 2001 to 46/100 000 in 2009 and to 67/100 000 in 2017. In China, the incidence of pediatric T2DM has also shown a significant upward trend, rising from 4.1/100 000 in 1995 to 10.0/100 000 in 2010. The diagnostic criteria for pediatric diabetes in China follow the standards set by the World Health Organization in 2019. Diabetes subtypes related to children include T1DM, T2DM, mixed-type diabetes, and other specific types of diabetes. The typical clinical manifestations of adult diabetes are polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss (the ‘three P’s and one less’). However, in children with T1DM, these symptoms are more pronounced, while T2DM may present more subtly. Traditional treatment for T1DM primarily involves insulin therapy, but it cannot fundamentally address the issue of impaired pancreatic function. Preventing or delaying β-cell damage and protecting the remaining pancreatic function have become new research directions in T1DM treatment. In addition to traditional insulin therapy and lifestyle interventions, new treatments such as immunotherapy, artificial pancreas, and stem cell transplantation have shown promising clinical results. These advances not only provide new directions for the future treatment of diabetes but also have the potential to transform diabetes from an incurable disease into a treatable one. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of 2024 American Diabetes Association’s Standards of Care in Diabetes — diabetes diagnosis and classification LI Yanbing Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (05): 467-473.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.05.002 Abstract （598）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （932KB）（1391）       Knowledge map    Save Diabetes is a common chronic disease, which has caused a significant health and economic burden worldwide. Diabetes is highly heterogeneous. Accurate diagnosis and classification are the premises to achieve standardized and accurate treatment of diabetes and improve the clinical outcomes of patients. Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) issued the 2024 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. In the chapter on diabetes diagnosis and classification, the latest developments have been taken into account, with recommended approaches for the differential diagnosis of atypical diabetes, screening, diagnosis, and follow-up processes of different types of diabetes. This article interprets this section of the guidelines to provide a reference for healthcare professionals in the endocrine field in China for the accurate diagnosis, classification, and individualized treatment of diabetes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Trends in global major disease burden and health conditions—interpretation of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021 FAN Bonan, LI Yan Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (05): 474-483.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.05.003 Abstract （2044）   HTML （64）    PDF（pc） （3009KB）（4811）       Knowledge map    Save The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) analyzed 371 diseases and injuries using 100,983 data sources, estimating years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years, and healthy life expectancy. From 1990 to 2019, the annual rate of change in global all-cause mortality ranged from -0.9% to 2.4%, while deaths increased by 10.8% and 7.5% in 2020 and 2021 respectively due to COVID-19. In 2021, COVID-19 was the second lea-ding cause of death globally, with a mortality rate of 94.0 per 100 000. The mortality rates of other major causes, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke were 108.7 and 87.4 per 100 000, respectively. Global life expectancy rose from 65.5 years in 1990 to 73.3 years in 2019 but dropped to 71.7 years in 2021 due to COVID-19, which reduced life expectancy by 2.2 years, significantly impacting the trend of health improvement. In China, GBD 2021 data shows a significant increase in life expectancy from 1990 to 2021: from 69.9 to 80.7 years for women and from 65.7 to 74.9 years for men. However, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases remain major health threats. In 2021, these diseases had the highest burden among the top ten causes in China, with rising incidence and morta-lity rates. Major health risk factors in China include tobacco, hypertension, and dietary risks. This paper, through the systematic analysis of GBD 2021 data, reveals current trends in disease burden globally and in China, and proposes public health strategy recommendations. China should enhance chronic disease management, improve public health emergency responses, address health inequalities, and promote basic research and international cooperation to improve overall health levels. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Video-Based Detection of Epileptic Spasms in IESS: Modeling, Detection, and Evaluation DING Lihui1, 2(丁黎辉), FU Lijun1, 3 (付立军), YANG Guang4(杨光), WAN Lin4, 5 (万林), CHANG Zhijun7(常志军) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2789-x Abstract （568）      PDF（pc） （712KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Behavioral scoring based on clinical observations remains the gold standard for screening, diagnosing,and evaluating infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS). The accurate identification of seizures is crucial for clinical diagnosis and assessment. In this study, we propose an innovative seizure detection method based on video feature recognition of patient spasms. To capture the temporal characteristics of the spasm behavior presented in the videos effectively, we incorporate asymmetric convolution and convolution–batch normalization–ReLU (CBR) modules. Specifically within the 3D-ResNet residual blocks, we split the larger convolutional kernels into two asymmetric 3D convolutional kernels. These kernels are connected in series to enhance the ability of the convolutional layers to extract key local features, both horizontally and vertically. In addition, we introduce a 3D convolutional block attention module to enhance the spatial correlations between video frame channels efficiently. To improve the generalization ability, we design a composite loss function that combines cross-entropy loss with triplet loss to balance the classification and similarity requirements. We train and evaluate our method using the PLA IESS-VIDEO dataset, achieving an average seizure recognition accuracy of 90.59%, precision of 90.94%, and recall of 87.64%. To validate its generalization capability further, we conducted external validation using six different patient monitoring videos compared with assessments by six human experts from various medical centers. The final test results demonstrate that our method achieved a recall of 0.647 6, surpassing the average level achieved by human experts (0.559 5), while attaining a high F1-score of 0.721 9. These findings have substantial significance for the long-term assessment of patients with IESS. Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Augmented Reality Navigation Using Surgical Guides Versus Conventional Techniques in Pedicle Screw Placement KONG Huiyang1 (孔会扬), WANG Shuyi1 (王殊轶), ZHANG Can2 (张璨), CHEN Zan2, 3 (陈赞) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (1): 10-17.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2689-5 Abstract （416）      PDF（pc） （1106KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to assess the potential of surgical guides as a complementary tool to augmented reality (AR) in enhancing the safety and precision of pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery. Four trainers were divided into the AR navigation group using surgical guides and the free-hand group. Each group consisted of a novice and an experienced spine surgeon. A total of 80 pedicle screws were implanted. First, the AR group reconstructed the 3D model and planned the screw insertion route according to the computed tomography data of L2 lumbar vertebrae. Then, the Microsoft HoloLensTM 2 was used to identify the vertebral model, and the planned virtual path was superimposed on the real cone model. Next, the screw was placed according to the projected trajectory. Finally, Micron Tracker was used to measure the deviation of screws from the preoperatively planned trajectory, and pedicle screws were evaluated using the Gertzbein-Robbins scale. In the AR group, the linear deviations of the experienced doctor and the novice were (1.59±0.39) mm and (1.73±0.52) mm respectively, and the angle deviations were 2.72◦ ± 0.61◦ and 2.87◦ ± 0.63◦ respectively. In the free-hand group, the linear deviations of the experienced doctor and the novice were (2.88 ± 0.58) mm and (5.25 ± 0.62) mm respectively, and the angle deviations were 4.41◦ ± 1.18◦ and 7.15◦ ± 1.45◦ respectively. Both kinds of deviations between the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The screw accuracy rate was 95% in the AR navigation group and 77.5% in the free-hand group. The results of this study indicate that the integration of surgical guides and AR is an innovative technique that can substantially enhance the safety and precision of spinal surgery and assist inexperienced doctors in completing the surgery. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Direct Ink Writing Method of Fractal Wearable Flexible Sensor Based on Conductive Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Ink CHEN Junling1, 2, 3 (陈俊伶), GAO Feiyang1, 3 (高飞扬), ZHANG Liming1, 3 (张黎明), ZHENG Xiongfei1, 3(郑雄飞) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2025, 30 (1): 18-26.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2687-7 Abstract （361）      PDF（pc） （1712KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save Flexible electronic technology has laid the foundation for complex human-computer interaction system, and has attracted great attention in the field of human motion detection and soft robotics. Graphene has received an extensive attention due to its excellent electrical conductivity; however, how to use it to fabricate wearable flexible sensors with complex structures remains challenging. In this study, we studied the rheological behavior of graphene/polydimethylsiloxane ink and proposed an optimal graphene ratio, which makes the ink have a good printability and conductivity at the same time. Then, based on the theory of Peano fractal layout, we proposed a two-dimensional structure that can withstand multi-directional tension by replacing the traditional arris structure with the arc structure. After that, we manufactured circular arc fractal structure sensor by adjusting ink composition and printing structure through direct ink writing method. Finally, we evaluated the detection performance and repeatability of the sensor. This method provides a simple and effective solution for fabricating wearable flexible sensors and exhibits the potential to fabricate 3D complex flexible electronic devices. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Drive System Technique    2024, 38 (3): 3-8.   Abstract （46）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Drive System Technique    2024, 38 (4): 3-6.   Abstract （82）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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TshFNA-Examiner: A Nuclei Segmentation and Cancer Assessment Framework for Thyroid Cytology Image KE Jing1(柯晶), ZHU Junchao2 (朱俊超), YANG Xin1(杨鑫), ZHANG Haolin3 (张浩林), SUN Yuxiang1(孙宇翔), WANG Jiayi1(王嘉怡), LU Yizhou4(鲁亦舟), SHEN Yiqing5(沈逸卿), LIU Sheng6(刘晟), JIANG Fusong7(蒋伏松), HUANG Qin8(黄琴) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (6): 945-957.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2743-y Abstract （364）      PDF（pc） （2836KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save Examining thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can grade cancer risks, derive prognostic information, and guide follow-up care or surgery. The digitization of biopsy and deep learning techniques has recently enabled computational pathology. However, there is still lack of systematic diagnostic system for the complicated gigapixel cytopathology images, which can match physician-level basic perception. In this study, we design a deep learning framework, thyroid segmentation and hierarchy fine-needle aspiration (TshFNA)-Examiner to quantitatively profile the cancer risk of a thyroid FNA image. In the TshFNA-Examiner, cellular-intensive areas strongly correlated with diagnostic medical information are detected by a nuclei segmentation neural network; cell-level image patches are catalogued following The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) system, by a classification neural network which is further enhanced by leveraging unlabeled data. A cohort of 333 thyroid FNA cases collected from 2019 to 2022 from I to VI is studied, with pixel-wise and image-wise image patches annotated. Empirically, TshFNA-Examiner is evaluated with comprehensive metrics and multiple tasks to demonstrate its superiority to state-of-the-art deep learning approaches. The average performance of cellular area segmentation achieves a Dice of 0.931 and Jaccard index of 0.871. The cancer risk classifier achieves a macro-F1-score of 0.959, macro-AUC of 0.998, and accuracy of 0.959 following TBSRTC. The corresponding metrics can be enhanced to a macro-F1-score of 0.970, macro-AUC of 0.999, and accuracy of 0.970 by leveraging informative unlabeled data. In clinical practice, TshFNA-Examiner can help cytologists to visualize the output of deep learning networks in a convenient way to facilitate making the final decision. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Motor Imagery Classification Based on Plain Convolutional Neural Network and Linear Interpolation LI Mingai1, 2∗ (李明爱), WEI Lina1 (魏丽娜) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (6): 958-966.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2486-6 Abstract （216）      PDF（pc） （859KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save Deep learning has been applied for motor imagery electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) classification in brain-computer system to help people who suffer from serious neuromotor disorders. The inefficiency network and data shortage are the primary issues that the researchers face and need to solve. A novel MI-EEG classification method is proposed in this paper. A plain convolutional neural network (pCNN), which contains two convolution layers, is designed to extract the temporal-spatial information of MI-EEG, and a linear interpolation-based data augmentation (LIDA) method is introduced, by which any two unrepeated trials are randomly selected to generate a new data. Based on two publicly available brain-computer interface competition datasets, the experiments are conducted to confirm the structure of pCNN and optimize the parameters of pCNN and LIDA as well. The average classification accuracy values achieve 90.27% and 98.23%, and the average Kappa values are 0.805 and 0.965 respectively. The experiment results show the advantage of the proposed classification method in both accuracy and statistical consistency, compared with the existing methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Universal Modeling Method of Electrical Impedance Response During Respiration LIU Enkang1 (刘恩康), MA Yixin1, 2∗ (马艺馨), BAI Zixuan1 (白子轩), ZHOU Xing1 (周星), ZHANG Mingzhu1 (张明珠), JIANG Zeyi1 (江泽裔) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (6): 967-978.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2593-z Abstract （199）      PDF（pc） （1004KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, significant progress has been made through impedance pneumography (IP) in diagnosing pulmonary function. Since there is no need to measure inhalation and exhalation air flow through a pipeline, IP does not increase respiratory resistance and poses no risk of cross-infection, which makes it superior to existing gas flowmeter-based spirometers in clinics. However, the changes in thoracic impedance caused by pulmonary ventilation present significant individual variability. The ratio between pulmonary ventilation volume change (ΔV ) and thoracic impedance change (ΔZ), noted as kΔV/ΔZ , differs among people. IP has to be calibrated for each person by flowmeter-type spirometer before it can be used for quantitative diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a universal model for kΔV/ΔZ using individual parameters such as body height, body mass, body mass index, body fat rate, and chest circumference. The experimental procedure, the way to identify factors for multiple regression via significance analysis and the comparison among different models are presented. This paper demonstrates the possibility of establishing a universal regression model for kΔV/ΔZ , to lay the foundation for the clinical application of IP-based pulmonary function test. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application and Prospect of Two-Part Tariff Mechanism in Context of Transmission and Distribution Price Reform REN Xijun, SONG Zhumeng, WANG Bao, YE Yutong, PAN Sijia, WANG Mengyuan, XU Xiaoyuan Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (10): 1479-1488.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.102 Abstract （805）   HTML （56）    PDF（pc） （1057KB）（659）       Knowledge map    Save In the context of the reform of transmission and distribution tariff mechanism, the drawbacks of the existing two-part tariff system which cannot reasonably reflect the real cost of electricity consumption by power users have gradually emerged. The two-part tariff mechanism is responsible for allocating the space for electricity generation, transmission, distribution and sale tariffs, and regulating the resources of the power system. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the existing two-part tariff mechanism. This paper, focusing on the two-part tariff mechanism, first, introduces the basic theory and billing ratio of the two-part tariff, and studies the method of apportioning transmission and distribution costs based on different load rates and voltage levels. Then, it summarizes the electricity tariff mechanisms such as load rate packages and time-of-use tariffs and the basic tariff mechanisms such as tariff, load adjustments, and improved billing ratios respectively for the collection methods of two-part tariffs. Afterwards, it analyzes the implementation mode of two-part tariff mechanism theory by combining the practical experience of two-part system in the United States, France, Japan, and other foreign countries. Finally, it proposes the future development direction and suggestions of China’s two-part tariff mechanism. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Prediction Method of New Power System Frequency Characteristics Based on Convolutional Neural Network LU Wen’an, ZHU Qingxiao, LI Zhaowei, LIU Hui, YU Yiping Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (10): 1500-1512.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.071 Abstract （724）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （2722KB）（817）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the problems existing in the traditional frequency analysis method for the frequency analysis of grids with a high proportion of new energy, such as the large amount of calculation, the difficulty of modeling, and the prominent contradiction between the calculation speed and the calculation accuracy, this paper proposes a new frequency characteristic prediction method for the new power system based on convolutional neural network (CNN). First, the main frequency indexes of the power system with a high proportion of new energy under power disturbances are predicted using one-dimensional CNN, including the initial frequency change rate, frequency extremum, and frequency steady-state value. The prediction accuracy is improved by setting reasonable input characteristics and optimizing the parameters of the neural network. Then, the impact of disturbance location and disturbance type is further considered, and the power system characteristic data set containing disturbance information is established by the method of data dimensionality reduction. The input characteristics are constructed by using the principle of three primary channels for reference, and the extended two-dimensional CNN is used to predict the frequency security index, which improves the adaptability of CNN in the frequency analysis of grids with a high proportion of new energy. Finally, the method is verified by an example in the improved BPA 10-machine 39-node model, and the results are compared with the prediction results of the recurrent neural network, which proves that the proposed method has a high accuracy and adaptability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-Energy Flow Modeling and Optimization of Electric-Gas-Thermal Integrated Energy System LI Bingjie, YUAN Xiaoyun, SHI Jing, XU Huachi, LUO Zixuan Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (9): 1297-1308.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.494 Abstract （3767）   HTML （44）    PDF（pc） （8902KB）（872）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the fact that the conversion of various energy forms such as electricity, gas, and heat in the regional integrated energy system (RIES) seriously affects the economy of the system operation, a mathematical model and an optimization model of RIES energy flow are established to improve the economy of the system and the absorption of renewable energy. First, the mathematical models of all kinds of energy conversion equipment in the system are established to determine the constraints of three kinds of energy transmission networks, namely electricity, natural gas, and heat. Then, taking economic operation as the primary objective, and taking into account the objective function of low carbon emissions and increasing the uptake rate of renewable energy, the RIES multi-energy flow optimization model is constructed. Finally, based on the large-scale integrated energy system, the load side demand response is introduced and the simulation model is established. The simulation results show that the introduction of demand response improves the flexibility of system scheduling, reduces the dependence of the system on energy storage equipment, and effectively reduces the energy consumption cost of users. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Shared Energy Storage Multi-Objective Allocation Strategy Considering Integrated Energy Microgrid Access to Active Distribution Network MI Yang, CHEN Yuyang, CHEN Boyang, HAN Yunhao, YUAN Minghan Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (9): 1309-1322.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.021 Abstract （2026）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （4556KB）（234）       Knowledge map    Save In order to give full play to the advantages of shared energy storage in improving economy and energy utilization, while considering the role of multi-energy complementation and coupling of integrated energy microgrids in active distribution networks, a multi-objective optimal allocation strategy of shared energy storage is proposed for the active distribution network connected with integrated energy microgrid. First, the optimization objectives of the economy and voltage stability of the distribution network and the configuration capacity of the shared energy storage are analyzed, the coordinated operation of the source-net-load side multi-flexible resources of the active distribution network is considered, and the active distribution network and the integrated energy microgrid are modeled. Then, the model is solved based on the Pareto optimal multi-objective particle swarm algorithm. Finally, the optimization algorithm of shared energy storage configuration is established in conjunction with the IEEE 33-node distribution system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed configuration strategy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Robust Optimal Scheduling of Micro Energy Grid Considering Multi-Interval Uncertainty Set of Source-Load and Integrated Demand Response MI Yang, FU Qixin, ZHAO Haihui, MA Siyuan, WANG Yufei Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (9): 1323-1333.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.022 Abstract （2138）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1898KB）（449）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the uncertainty of the source and load in micro energy grid, a robust optimal scheduling model considering multi-interval uncertainty set of source-load and integrated demand response is proposed. First, considering the uncertainty of wind power, photovoltaic output and electric, and thermal and cooling loads in the micro energy grid, a multi-interval uncertainty set of source-load is established. Then, in order to fully tap the potential of load side dispatching, an integrated demand response model is established, which includes reducible electric load, transferable electric load, flexible cooling, heating load, and replaceable load, based on which, the uncertainty of integrated demand response is considered. Afterwards, with the lowest dispatching cost of micro energy grid as the objective function, a two-stage robust optimal scheduling model of micro energy network is constructed, which considers the multi-interval uncertainty set of source load and the integrated demand response. The model is solved by the column and constraint generation algorithm, the strong duality theory, and the large M method. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified through the analysis of numerical examples. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Ship Pipe Layout Optimization Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization LIN Yan1, 2(林焰), BIAN Xuanyi1(卞璇屹), DONG Zongran3(董宗然) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (5): 737-746.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2530-6 Abstract （406）      PDF（pc） （1456KB）（111）       Knowledge map    Save Ship pipe layout optimization is one of the difficulties and hot spots in ship intelligent production design. A high-dimensional vector coding is proposed based on the research of related pipe coding and ship pipe route features in this paper. The advantages of this coding method are concise structure, strong compatibility, and independence from the gridding space. Based on the proposed coding, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is implemented, and the algorithm is improved by the pre-selected path strategy and the branch-pipe processing strategy. Finally, two simulation results reveal that the proposed coding and algorithm have feasibility and engineering practicability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Evacuation in an Offshore Platform ZHANG Jingjinga (张菁菁), ZHAO Jinchenga, b, c∗(赵金城), SONG Zhensena, b, c (宋振森), DUAN Lipinga, b, c(段立平) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (5): 747-758.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2629-4 Abstract （314）      PDF（pc） （4007KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of marine oil and gas exploitation, the evacuation of offshore platforms has received more attention. First, an experimental investigation of the evacuation process of 120 participants in a real offshore platform is performed, and then simulation results provided by Pathfinder are validated against the measurement results. Second, four typical evacuation scenarios on the platform referring to IMO guidelines are investigated by Pathfinder with the speed values achieved in experiments. The simulation results show that both the utilization of exits and evacuation efficiency of people on the offshore platform need to be further improved. Last, the evacuation routes of people under the four scenarios are optimized, and the improvement of the evacuation performance after the optimization is evaluated by several mathematical indicators. Final results show that the evacuation with the optimized route design prompts the use efficiency of exits and further reduces the evacuation time. The present study provides a useful advice for potentially revising the IMO guidelines in future and provides efficient evacuation strategies for planning the emergency evacuation on offshore platforms. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Knowledge-Based Curved Block Construction Scheduling and Application in Shipbuilding JIANG Zuhua1∗(蒋祖华), ZHOU Hongming2(周宏明), TAO Ningrong3(陶宁蓉), LI Baihe1(李柏鹤) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (5): 759-765.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2544-0 Abstract （194）      PDF（pc） （1037KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save To increase efficiency in fierce competition, it is necessary and urgent to improve the standard of production planning for shipbuilding. The construction of curved blocks is the bottleneck to improve the efficiency of shipbuilding. Thus it is a key breakthrough for higher shipbuilding productivity to study the curved block production. By analyzing the scheduling problem in curved blocks production, we propose an intelligent curved block production scheduling method and its system based on a knowledge base, and show the main process of the system. The functions of the system include data management, assembly plan generation, plan adjustment, and plan evaluation. In order to deal with the actual situation and inherit the empirical knowledge, the system extracts some rules to control block selecting, algorithm selection, and evaluation thresholds to build a production decision-making knowledge base in the curved block scheduling system. The proposed knowledge base could be referred and modified by users, especially after a few interactions between the users and the knowledge base. The final assembly plan can be visualized and evaluated to facilitate the observation of plan implementation and effects of the decisions in the process. Finally, the system is verified by a large shipyard in Shanghai using real data and the results illustrate that the proposed method can perform the knowledge-based scheduling for curved blocks construction effectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental Study of Influence of Secondary Combustion on Combustion Characteristics of Axial Staged Combustor SUI Yongfeng, ZHANG Yuming, ZANG Peng, JIA Yuliang, HENG Sijiang, FU Yanni, GE Bing Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (8): 1139-1147.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.076 Abstract （565）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （4916KB）（641）       Knowledge map    Save In order to obtain the influencing rule of secondary combustion on emissions and combustion oscillation characteristics of gas turbine axial staged combustor in non-premixed combustion mode and explore a load increasing mode with stable low emission, an axial staged combustor for F-class gas turbines is selected for experimental study. The results show that CO consumption is restrained and CO emission increases sharply when secondary fuel is added at a lower combustor outlet temperature. The addition of secondary fuel and the increase of secondary equivalence ratio lead to the reduction of NOx emission, but the increase of load can weaken the ability of secondary fuel to reduce NOx emission. The addition of secondary fuel and the increase of secondary equivalence ratio restrain the combustion oscillation in the low frequency band (75—90 Hz). When the secondary equivalence ratio is higher than a certain threshold (0.19), the addition of secondary fuel can restrain higher frequency(175—210 Hz) combustion oscillation. In addition, by comprehensively considering the influence of secondary combustion on emissions and combustion oscillation, the operating range and load increasing mode of low emissions and stable combustion of axial staged combustor in the higher load range (20%—50% load) are obtained, which provides a reference for stable low emission operation of the unit during load increasing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Droplets Evaporation Characteristics of Diesel from Direct and Indirect Coal Liquefaction and Their Blends SHEN Yukun, WANG Jigang, QIAO Xinqi Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (8): 1148-1155.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.195 Abstract （364）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （4746KB）（255）       Knowledge map    Save To study the evaporation characteristics of diesel from direct coal liquefaction (DDCL), diesel from indirect coal liquefaction (DICL), and their blended fuel droplets at different ambient temperatures (500, 600 and 700 ℃), a droplet evaporation test apparatus based on the suspension method was used to suspend droplets using crossed quartz wires, and a fuel with very similar physicochemical properties to diesel was obtained by blending of DDCL and DICL at a mass ratio of 29∶21 by using the fuel design method. It is shown that the evaporation pattern of DDCL, DICL, and their blended fuel droplets is similar to that of diesel fuel, and they all show a two-stage evaporation. The deviation from the classical d2 law is large below 600 ℃, and the deviation from the d2 law gradually decreases with the increase of ambient temperature. At all three ambient temperatures, the blended fuel droplets exhibit a better evaporation performance than diesel, with 27.2%, 46.3%, and 19.6% higher average evaporation rates than diesel, respectively, providing supporting data for the application of coal liquefied diesel in diesel engines. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Temperature Control Scheme for Gas Turbine of Combined Cycles with Exhaust Gas Recirculation LI Keying, CHEN Kun, JIANG Zepeng, LI Chao, GUO Xiaoguo, ZHANG Shijie Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (8): 1156-1166.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.126 Abstract （469）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （3707KB）（272）       Knowledge map    Save Under partial-load conditions, the combined application of exhaust gas recirculation of heat recovery steam generator and compressor inlet guide vane adjustment (EGR-IGVC) can effectively improve the performance of gas turbine combined cycle. However, if this strategy is combined with the temperature control scheme of constant T3(turbine inlet temperature)-T4m(maximum allowable turbine exhaust temperature), which is often adopted in gas turbine combined cycles under part-load conditions, it would cause a large bottoming cycle exergy destruction and a significant decrease in bottoming cycle power output at relatively lower loads. In this paper, a constant T3-T4m-T4d (the design value of turbine exhaust temperature) scheme suitable for the EGR-IGVC strategy is proposed, the PG9351FA gas turbine combined cycle unit is taken as the research object, and the partial-load performance of combined cycle under the two temperature control schemes is compared and investigated based on energy and exergy analysis. The results show that the combination of the EGR-IGVC strategy with the constant T3-T4m scheme is still the best at the ambient temperature of 15 ℃ and the partial-load rate of above 80%. At a load of 30%—80%, compared with the constant T3-T4m scheme, the EGR-IGVC strategy combined with the constant T3-T4m-T4d scheme can increase the gas turbine efficiency by 0.15%—0.47%, and decrease the exergy destruction of the heat recovery steam generator by more than 0.51%(2.15 MW). The results also show that adopting the constant T3-T4m-T4d scheme can always obtain higher combined cycle efficiency when the ambient temperature varies between 0 and 40 ℃. In addition, the increase in partial-load efficiency becomes more evident with the rise of ambient temperature. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Differential diagnosis and treatment of thyroid storm YAN Huixian, LÜ Chaohui Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (04): 354-361.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.04.002 Abstract （432）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1282KB）（656）       Knowledge map    Save Thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening endocrine emergency characterized by severe clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis. Studies in the United States and Japan show that the annual incidence rates of hyperthyroid storm are (0.57-0.76) per 100 000 people and 0.2/100 000 people, respectively, accounting for 0.22% of all hyperthyroid patients and 5.4% of hospitalized hyperthyroid patients. Even with timely treatment, the mortality rate of patients with hyperthyroidism storm is still as high as 10%-30%; If left untreated, the mortality rate of patients may reach 90%. The misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rate of hyperthyroidism storm in the Emergency Department is as high as 43.48%. It may be precipitated by abrupt discontinuation of antithyroid drugs or by an acute event such as infection, trauma, thyroid or nonthyroidal surgery, an acute iodine load, or parturition and other rare causes. There are currently no recognized standards or validated clinical tools for diagnosing thyroid storm. The diagnosis of thyroid storm is based upon the presence of biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism (elevation of free T4 and/or T3 and suppression of TSH), and severe and life-threatening symptoms (hyperpyrexia, cardiovascular dysfunction, and altered mentation). BWPS has been widely used for the identification of thyroid storm for nearly 30 years. The main treatments for thyroid storm consist of symptomatic treatment and specific treatment for the thyroid gland, including removing the cause and treating complications cuse of thionamide, iodine, glucocorticoids and beta-blockers to inhibit new hormone synthesis, block the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, inhibition of the release of thyroid hormone. If the above treatment do not improve the condition, blood purification therapy (plasmapheresis) can be tried. In addition to specific therapy directed against the thyroid, supportive therapy is essential. After active treatment, most of the status of patients with thyroid storm are improved within 1 to 2 days. After a successful rescue of thyroid storm, hyperthyroidism should be treated by radical treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current status and challenges in ultrasound diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules in China ZHOU Jianqiao, ZHANG Lu, XU Shangyan Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (04): 362-370.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.04.003 Abstract （429）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （1012KB）（1095）       Knowledge map    Save Thyroid nodules (TNs) exhibit a high prevalence rate of 36.9% in China, with a marked preponderance in females over males, and regional variations observed. Ultrasonography (US), due to its non-invasiveness, convenience, and high sensitivity, has emerged as the primary diagnostic tool for TNs. In recent years, advancements in US diagnostic techniques have flourished, including the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS), multimodal US, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) coupled with molecular testing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Notably, the 2020 edition of the Chinese-specific C-TIRADS system has improved diagnostic accuracy by tailoring to China's healthcare landscape. Multimodal US assessment, integrating various US techniques, has significantly enhanced diagnostic efficacy, reducing unnecessary biopsies. Molecular testing and AI-assisted diagnosis have further improved diagnostic precision; however, the generalization capabilities of AI models and their long-term clinical application efficacy remain to be validated. Ultrasound-guided interventional therapies occupy a pivotal position in TN management, including chemical ablation and thermal ablation techniques. Chemical ablation is primarily utilized for cystic-predominant nodules, whereas thermal ablation is suitable for both cystic-solid and solid nodules, with their combined application yielding optimal results. Although the application of thermal ablation in thyroid micropapillary carcinoma remains controversial, preliminary studies have demonstrated its efficacy and safety. Despite the remarkable progress in US technologies for TN diagnosis and treatment, challenges persist, including inconsistent diagnostic criteria, disparities in equipment and technical expertise across regions and hospitals, and the absence of large-scale studies on the long-term efficacy and safety of thermal ablation. Future directions encompass refining risk stratification systems, intensifying research on multimodal US assessment, enhancing the generalization capabilities of AI models, standardizing the application of molecular testing, exploring indications for ablation therapy, and establishing standardized efficacy assessments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of cancer death burden data from disease surveillance sites in China from 2005 to 2020 ZHANG Xin, ZHENG Ying Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (04): 371-377.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.04.004 Abstract （379）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （1154KB）（1086）       Knowledge map    Save In December 2023, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention published National and subnational trends in cancer burden in China, 2005-2020: an analysis of national mortality surveillance data.on Lancet Public Health, covering the mortality rate and average years of life lost from 23 specific tumor sites in people in 31 provinces and cities across the country. The analysis suggests that in 2020, the number of deaths from cancer in China was 2.3978 million, with a mortality rate of 170.80/100 000. The top 10 tumor deaths cases are as follows: lung cancer 761,000, liver cancer 367,700, stomach cancer 291,200, colorectal cancer 182,400, esophageal cancer 173,300, pancreatic cancer 100,400, breast cancer 57,100, leukemia 54,900, cranial nerve cancer 54,200, cervical cancer 44,800, accounting for 32.0%, 15.3%, 12.1%, 7.6%, 7.2%, 4.2%, 2.4%, 2.3%, 2.3%, 1.9% of the total number of deaths due to tumors, respectively. The mortality rates were 54.57/100 000, 26.19/100 000, 20.74/100 000, 13.00/100 000, 12.34/100 000, 7.15/100 000, 4.06/100 000, 3.91/100 000, 3.86/100 000 and 3.19/100 000, respectively. In 2020, the average years of life lost (AYLL) due to cancer in China was 23.60 years, which was 3.74 years lower than that in 2015. Among them, leukemia caused an AYLL of 37.35 years, with a decrease of 13.36 years from the AYLL of 50.71 years caused by leukemia in 2005, but it was still the tumor that caused the most life loss. Prostate cancer was the tumor that caused the least AYLL. The composition of China’s cancer spectrum is changing to those in developed countries. Lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, which are highly prevalent in developed countries, are showing an increasing disease burden trend in China. In 2020, the mortality rates of lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer all increased during this period, increasing by 78.98%, 19.41% and 47.56% respectively compared with those in 2005. GLOBOCAN2022 suggests that the top 10 cancer incidence rates in China in 2020 are lung cancer (40.8/100 000), breast cancer (33.0/100 000), thyroid cancer (24.6/100 000), liver cancer (20.1/100 000), cervical cancer (15.0/100 000), gastric cancer (13.8/100 000), prostate cancer (13.7/100 000), esophageal cancer (9.7/100 000), uterine cancer (8.7/100 000) and ovarian cancer (6.8/100 000). Five of the top 10 common cancer in China and the United States overlap, and lung cancer is the leading cause of death in both countries. Changes in the spectrum of tumor diseases have made the promotion and implementation of proven tumor prevention and control measures more urgent. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Hydrodynamic Performance of a Barge-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine with Moonpool CHEN Yiren, YAO Jinyu, LI Mingxuan, ZHANG Xinshu Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (7): 965-982.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.521 Abstract （2472）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （11548KB）（539）       Knowledge map    Save The hydrodynamic performance of a barge-type floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) with a moonpool is studied in frequency domain with reference to the Ideol-Floatgen design. The correction of the viscous damping of the moonpool is considered. First, the resonance modes of the moonpool are analyzed. Then, the hydrodynamic coefficients of the FOWT under regular waves and the motion responses under irregular waves are investigated. Finally, the safety of the FOWT is verified with respect to the DNV standards. The results show that the dynamic pitch and nacelle acceleration of the barge-type FOWT meet the safety requirements under both operating and survival conditions. The investigation of the coupling effects of the platform motion and the moonpool resonance shows that the motion of the platform will cause the shift of the piston mode frequency of the moonpool and the reduction of the piston mode response amplitude, the frequency of the sloshing mode is basically unaffected, but the response amplitude of the first-order sloshing mode is increased. The motion responses of the barge-type FOWT with and without the moonpool are compared. It is found that the moonpool can reduce the motion response of the FOWT, and improve the overall hydrodynamic performance of the FOWT. The platform length, moonpool length and platform draught are parametrically analyzed. Surge, heave, pitch response RMS values and the nacelle acceleration response RMS value are used as the indicators of comparison. It is found that the increase of the platform length could effectively reduce the four response RMS values of the FOWT under both operating and survival conditions, the increase of the moonpool length will reduce the four response RMS values of the FOWT under the operating condition, and the increase of the platform draught could significantly reduce the four response RMS values of the FOWT under the survival condition, the heave and pitch response RMS values increase with the augmentation of the draught under the operating condition. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Vibration Control of Semi-Submersible Offshore Wind Turbines Using Inerter-Based Absorbers ZENG Weijie, ZHANG Ying, DENG Yanfei, GUO Chuanrui, REN Weixin Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (7): 983-994.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.019 Abstract （2093）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （3460KB）（550）       Knowledge map    Save Compared with fixed offshore wind turbines, the vibration problem of floating offshore wind turbines is particularly prominent, and further reduction of the vibration of floating offshore wind turbines has become an engineering challenge. In order to solve this problem, a novel vibration suppression device, inerter-based absorber (IBA) is introduced, and the vibration control of semi-submersible offshore wind turbines is studied. A comprehensive optimization method, namely the structure-immittance approach, is utilized to design the IBA in a systematic way. In order to search for the optimum vibration suppression performance, a simplified dynamic model of the semi-submersible offshore wind turbine, and the IBA dynamic equations are established using D’Alembert’s principle. Simultaneous suppression of the vibration response of the floating platform and tower of a semi-submersible offshore wind turbine is realized using the dual IBA control strategy. Furthermore, by implementing the optimum IBA in the OpenFAST software, the vibration suppression benefits of the dual IBA compared with the dual tuned mass damper (TMD) are verified under the coupling effects of wind and waves. The results show that the vibration control performance of the dual IBA control strategy is significantly better than that of the single one, and that of the dual IBA is better than that of the dual TMD. In addition, under the condition of achieving the same suppression performance as the TMD, IBA installed at the nacelle and the platform can respectively decrease the required absorber mass by 23.9% and 32.2%, which can greatly reduce the manufacture cost of the device. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Depth Distribution Characteristics of Particle Velocity Field Intensity in Shallow Sea ZHANG Haigang, XIE Jinhuai, LIU Jiaqi, GONG Lijia, LI Zhi Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (7): 995-1005.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.073 Abstract （1711）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （6512KB）（1365）       Knowledge map    Save The depth distribution characteristics of particle velocity field intensity have had a significant impact on underwater acoustic detection and estimation. In this paper, based on the approximate conditions of the incoherent normal modes sum transformation to angular integration, the angular integration form of incoherent normal modes of particle velocity was derived, which avoided the complex calculations of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions while revealing the physical mechanism behind the significant variations in particle velocity intensity with source depth and symmetrical depth. The numerical results demonstrate that the analytical expression of the angular integration of incoherent particle velocity can facilitate fast computation and effectively characterize the depth distribution characteristics of particle velocity intensity. Additionally, due to the superposition effect of the amplitude function of normal modes, there are notable differences in the depth distribution of vertical and horizontal particle velocity. Subsequently, focusing on the intensity difference of particle velocity, the study analyzed the effects of parameters such as horizontal distance, source frequency, sound speed profile, and water depth on the depth distribution characteristics of particle velocity field intensity. The findings provide a theoretical basis for passive target depth estimation based on vector fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-Agent Path Planning Method Based on Improved Deep Q-Network in Dynamic Environments LI Shuyi (李舒逸), LI Minzhe (李旻哲), JING Zhongliang∗ (敬忠良) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (4): 601-612.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2732-1 Abstract （941）      PDF（pc） （1213KB）（348）       Knowledge map    Save The multi-agent path planning problem presents significant challenges in dynamic environments, primarily due to the ever-changing positions of obstacles and the complex interactions between agents’ actions. These factors contribute to a tendency for the solution to converge slowly, and in some cases, diverge altogether. In addressing this issue, this paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a double dueling deep Q-network (D3QN), tailored for dynamic multi-agent environments. A novel reward function based on multi-agent positional constraints is designed, and a training strategy based on incremental learning is performed to achieve collaborative path planning of multiple agents. Moreover, the greedy and Boltzmann probability selection policy is introduced for action selection and avoiding convergence to local extremum. To match radar and image sensors, a convolutional neural network - long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) architecture is constructed to extract the feature of multi-source measurement as the input of the D3QN. The algorithm’s efficacy and reliability are validated in a simulated environment, utilizing robot operating system and Gazebo. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides a real-time solution for path planning tasks in dynamic scenarios. In terms of the average success rate and accuracy, the proposed method is superior to other deep learning algorithms, and the convergence speed is also improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fault-Tolerant Dynamical Consensus of Double-Integrator Multi-Agent Systems in the Presence of Asynchronous Self-Sensing Function Failures WU Zhihai∗ (吴治海), XIE Linbo (谢林柏) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (4): 613-624.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2716-1 Abstract （230）      PDF（pc） （540KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Double-integrator multi-agent systems (MASs) might not achieve dynamical consensus, even if only partial agents suffer from self-sensing function failures (SSFFs). SSFFs might be asynchronous in real engineering application. The existing fault-tolerant dynamical consensus protocol suitable for synchronous SSFFs cannot be directly used to tackle fault-tolerant dynamical consensus of double-integrator MASs with partial agents subject to asynchronous SSFFs. Motivated by these facts, this paper explores a new fault-tolerant dynamical consensus protocol suitable for asynchronous SSFFs. First, multi-hop communication together with the idea of treating asynchronous SSFFs as multiple piecewise synchronous SSFFs is used for recovering the connectivity of network topology among all normal agents. Second, a fault-tolerant dynamical consensus protocol is designed for doubleintegrator MASs by utilizing the history information of an agent subject to SSFF for computing its own state information at the instants when its minimum-hop normal neighbor set changes. Then, it is theoretically proved that if the strategy of network topology connectivity recovery and the fault-tolerant dynamical consensus protocol with proper time-varying gains are used simultaneously, double-integrator MASs with all normal agents and all agents subject to SSFFs can reach dynamical consensus. Finally, comparison numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Event-Triggered Fixed-Time Consensus of Second-Order Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems with Delay and Switching Topologies XING Youjing1 (邢优靖), GAO Jinfeng1∗ (高金凤), LIU Xiaoping1, 2 (刘小平), WU Ping1 (吴平) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (4): 625-639.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2695-2 Abstract （306）      PDF（pc） （1059KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save To address fixed-time consensus problems of a class of leader-follower second-order nonlinear multiagent systems with uncertain external disturbances, the event-triggered fixed-time consensus protocol is proposed. First, the virtual velocity is designed based on the backstepping control method to achieve the system consensus and the bound on convergence time only depending on the system parameters. Second, an event-triggered mechanism is presented to solve the problem of frequent communication between agents, and triggered condition based on state information is given for each follower. It is available to save communication resources, and the Zeno behaviors are excluded. Then, the delay and switching topologies of the system are also discussed. Next, the system stabilization is analyzed by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the validity of the presented method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Clinical application value of spinal robot assisted system in MIS-TLIF surgery LIU Yang, LIU Daokuo, LI Changkuan, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (3): 300-.   Abstract （331）      PDF（pc） （3575KB）（93）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the clinical application value of spinal robot assisted system in minimally invasive transforaminal fusion （MIS-TLIF） surgery. Methods From March 2019 to November 2022，78 patients who underwent surgical treatment for lumbar degenerative diseases were divided into traditional MIS-TLIF group （group A，41 cases） and robotic MIS-TLIF group （group B，37 cases） according to different surgical methods. Perioperative indicators （intraoperative bleeding， surgical time， incision length， and fluoroscopy frequency）， postoperative CT findings （screw placement accuracy，screw abduction angle）， functional recovery （VAS， JOA scores）， and perioperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative bleeding volume and fluoroscopy frequency in Group B were less than those in Group A， and the operative time and incision length were shorter than those in Group A （P<0.05） . A total of 164 screws were implanted in Group A，148 in Group B. The acceptable screws in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A （P< 0.05） . The abduction angle of screws in Group A was 18.12°±7.50°， and that in Group B was 23.56°±6.64°. The abduction angle in Group B was greater than that in Group A （P<0.05） . One month after surgery， the VAS score of the two groupsdecreased compared to that before surgery， while the JOA score increased （P<0.05）.However， there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups （P>0.05）.There were no serious complications such as blood vessels and nerves in both groups； In group A，3 patient had a positioning error and 2 patient had a dural sac tear， all of which recovered after corresponding treatment； Group B had no early complications. The incidence of early complications in Group B was lower than  that in Group A （P<0.05）.Conclusion The spinal robot assisted system can shorten the operation time of MIS-TLIF，reduce intraoperative bleeding， and improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. It has high clinical application value. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Status and influencing factors of stigma in patients with port wine stains in the head and neck JIANG Yan, Ran Xuehui, LIN Xiaoxi, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (3): 335-.   Abstract （286）      PDF（pc） （1050KB）（486）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of stigma in patients with port wine stains （PWS） in the head and neck. Methods Using the convenient sampling method，113 patients with PWS in the head and neck from August 2022 to December 2022 were recruited. The general demographic data questionnaire， stigma scale for chronic illness （SSCI）， social impact scale （SIS） and self-esteem scale （SES） were used to conduct a questionnaire survey. Results The SSCI score of patients with PWS was 50.61±22.2， and the SIS score was 48.71±15.17. Single-factor analysis of variance showed that the influencing factors of stigma were education level， monthly income， treatment times， lesion location， and lesion size （P<0.05）； The SES score of patients with PWS was 24.75±4.92， and single-factor analysis of variance showed that the influencing factors of self-esteem were monthly income and job absence （P<0.05）.SSCI scores andSIS scores were negatively correlated with SES scores （P<0.01）.Conclusion Patients with PWS had a moderate level of stigma and a low level of self-esteem. Both chronic illness stigma and social impact stigma are significantly negatively correlated with the level of self-esteem. Medical staff should provide appropriate guidance to patients during treatment， enhancing patients’ confidence and guiding patients to face the disease positively， and meanwhile， call on the public to give more concern to patients with chronic skin diseases. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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