1 Introduction
2 Materials and methods
2.1 PGHG emissions accounting methodology
Fig. 1 System boundary and the detailed scope of the PGHG emissions |
2.2 Estimation of DPGHG emissions
2.3 Estimation of IPGHG emissions
2.3.1 Consumptions
Table 1 Sectors related to household consumer behaviors |
Consumer expenditure | Related sectors |
---|---|
Food | Processing of food from agricultural products; Manufacture of foods; Manufacture of liquor, beverages and refined tea; Manufacture of tobacco. |
Clothing | Manufacture of textile; Manufacture of textile, wearing apparel and accessories; Manufacture of leather, fur, feather and related products and footwear. |
Household facilities and services | Processing of timber, manufacture of wood, bamboo, rattan; Manufacture of furniture. |
Education, cultural and recreation services | Manufacture of paper and paper products; Printing and reproduction of recording media; Manufacture of articles for culture, education, arts and crafts. |
Medicine and medical services | Medical and pharmaceutical products. |
Communication services | Electronic and telecommunications equipment. |
Residence | Production and supply of gas and heat; Production and supply of water. |
2.3.2 Waste generated features
2.4 Driving forces analysis and logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model
2.5 Data source
3 Results
3.1 The variation and distribution of Shanghainese average PGHG emissions in the steady development period from 2010 to 2018
Fig. 2 The variations of Shanghainese average PGHG emissions from 2010 to 2020 |
3.1.1 Direct GHG emissions from energy use
Fig. 3 a The Shanghainese average energy consumption and the proportion of different categories (2010-2018); b The variation of Shanghainese average DPGHG emissions (2010-2018) |
3.1.2 Indirect GHG emissions from consumption and waste disposal
Fig. 4 a The variations of Shanghainese average IPGHG emissions (2010-2018); b: The GHG intensity of different sectors (2010-2018); c The consumption expenditure and waste amount per capita in Shanghai (2010-2018) |
3.2 The variation of Shanghainese average PGHG emissions in 2019 and 2020 when affected by forced source separation policy and COVID-19 pandemic
3.2.1 The influence of forced source separation policy
Fig. 5 a The variations of Shanghainese average GHG emissions from waste disposal before and after forced source separation; b The waste disposal structure before and after forced source separation |
3.2.2 The influence of COVID-19 pandemic on PGHG emissions
Fig. 6 The comparison of Shanghainese average PGHG emissions before and after COVID-19 Pandemic. (HAS: Household facilities, articles and services; CS: Communication services; ECRS: Education, cultural and recreation services; MES: Medicine and medical services) |
4 Discussion
4.1 Driving factors analysis of PGHG emissions
Fig. 7 Driving forces of Shanghainese personal GHG emissions during 2011-2020. a Direct personal GHG emissions; b Indirect personal GHG emissions. (CE reflected the GHG emission factor effect, GI represented the energy structure effect, TS reflected the energy price effect, W represented the energy consumption effect; ED reflected the GHG emission intensity effect; NU was the consumption structure effect. WT reflected the consumption willing effect. GT represented the income level effect |
4.2 The impacts of the methodology on the results
4.3 The comparison of Shanghainese PGHG emissions with others
Fig. 8 Summary of PGHG emissions in different areas |