In 2011, the Chinese Academy of Engineering carried out research on greenhouse gas emissions from different electricity generation energy chains. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the current actual normalized greenhouse gas emission of the front part of the nuclear fuel cycle in China (including uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion, uranium enrichment, component manufacturing and utilization in nuclear power plant) are 6.2 g CO
2/kWh, and the total normalized greenhouse gas emission of the whole nuclear fuel cycle (including spent fuel reprocessing and waste disposal) is 11.9 g CO
2/kWh [
7]. Whilst for the coal power industry chain, including coal production, transportation and construction, operation and decommissioning of coal-fired power stations, the normalized greenhouse gas emission of the whole life cycle is 1072.4 g CO
2/kWh. Hence, the greenhouse gas emissions of the nuclear power chain are only 1% of the coal power chain. In addition, since nuclear power plants do not emit air pollutants such as SO
2, nitrogen oxide and dust particles, so nuclear power is a clean energy with minimal impact on the environment [
8]. It is fair to say that nuclear power is the low-carbon energy sources with the most obvious carbon emission reduction effect. Besides, the radioactivity discharge from nuclear power plants to the surrounding population is generally much lower than the local natural radiation background level. Hence, the nuclear energy can be utilized in a large scale.