英汉口语会话中的语义韵研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2020.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

语义韵是语料库语言学的重要理论贡献,大量研究相继开展,但以书面语语料证据为主。本文以情态词can和“能”为主要对象,考察英汉口语会话的语义韵特征和对应关系。研究发现:1)在英汉口语会话中,can和“能”都趋于出现在多种型式中,表达多种语义韵。2)部分型式可表达多种语义韵,需要借助会话语音信息判定。3)can与“能”在类联接和语义韵上呈复杂对应关系,主要型式在类联接和语义韵上趋于对应,部分型式在类联接上对应,但语义韵不对应或两者都不对应。分析表明,口语会话的语义韵非常丰富,与语音语调等因素密切相关,这些因素因语言不同而异。上述发现对深入探讨语义韵特征和界定要素具有一定理论启示,对口语教学研究具有实用价值。

中图分类号:

陆军, 李聪慧. 英汉口语会话中的语义韵研究[J]. 当代外语研究, 2020, 20(2): 96-110.

LU Jun, LI Conghui. A Corpus-driven Study of Semantic Prosody in English and Chinese Con versation[J]. Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies, 2020, 20(2): 96-110.

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参考文献 36

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类联接	语义韵	比例
能+VP	Affirm. +能+VP	积极:对某事件怀有期待、希望	19.8%
		积极:有把握、期待	12.1%
		中性:与听者共情	4.1%
	Neg.+能+VP	消极:反对、拒绝	18.4%
		消极:遗憾、后悔	0.8%
		中性:疑问	0.2%
		消极:反对	0.2%
	能+VP+(疑问语气词)+?	积极:期待肯定	5.9%
		消极:不耐烦、反对	2.2%
		消极:谴责	0.4%
		积极:好奇、赞美	0.4%
能够+VP		积极:期望、赞成	21.3%
只/才能 +VP	只能+VP	消极:困难、无奈	3.5%
	只能+VP	中性:贬低自己、抬高他人	0.5%
	才能+VP	消极:客观条件限制,有难度	2.9%
	才能+VP	积极:赞扬、抬举	0.6%
能不能 +VP		中性:期望消极:埋怨、抱怨中性:试探、期待	4.9% 1.2% 0.6%

	类联结	语义韵		比例
can+VP	can+[实义动词]VP	积极:建议、支持		26.0%
		中性:肯定、有把握		23.5%
		中性:有较大把握		12.2%
	can+[be]+NP/AP/V-ed	中性:有把握		1.9%
	can+[be]+NP/AP/V-ed	消极:犹豫、拒绝		0.7%
can+pron. +VP	can+[1st/2nd]pron.+[行为]VP	中性:请求、询问		13.6%
	can+pron.+?	中性:肯定、期待得到支持	2.2%
	can+pron.+?	中性:不确定	1.3%
	can+[1st/2nd]pron.+[感官]VP	中性:诧异、期待		1.0%
can+Neg. +VP	can+Neg.+[事件活动]VP	消极:困难、遗憾		3.5%
	can+Neg.+[行为、动作]VP	消极:反对		2.7%
	can+Neg.+[感官]VP	消极:反对、拒绝		1.4%
	can+Neg.+[感官]VP	积极:兴奋、期待		0.4%
pron.+can (结句)	pron.+can(结句)	中性:附和、肯定回应		4.6%
pron.+can (结句)	as+adj./adv.+as+pron.+can(结句)	中性:尽力、极限		0.6%
疑问词+can+ (pron.)+VP	Wh-+can+pron.+VP	中性:疑惑、寻求答案		1.3%
	Wh-+can+pron.+VP	消极:反对		0.1%
	How+can+pron.+VP	中性:疑惑、希望回复		1.0%
	How+can+pron.+VP	消极:怀疑、反对		0.4%
can+“only/ just”+VP	can+only+VP	消极:困难、无奈		0.9%
can+“only/ just”+VP	can+just+VP	中性:建议		0.7%