玛丽·奥斯汀是美国自然散文女作家的第一位代表人物,被誉为“美国环境主义运动之母”,其散文代表作《少雨的土地》和《旅行尽头的土地》堪称典型的生物区域主义散文作品,它们蕴含的许多理念与生物区域主义的基本理念相吻合。奥斯汀的这些理念是生物区域主义的先声。她的自然观和文化观是因地制宜的和辩证的;这一点对于我国目前的生态文明建设具有重要启示意义:我们审视和处理自然和人的关系时,一定要因地制宜,一定要辩证。
The first representative of American women nature writers, Mary Austin is honored as “the mother of American environmental movement”. Embodying quite a few concepts in agreement with the basic ideas of bioregionalism, her representative literary non-fiction The Land of Little Rain and The Land of Journey’s Ending can be referred to as typical bioregional literary non-fiction. Austin’s bioregional concepts anticipate contemporary bioregionalism. Being dialectical as well as adaptive to local conditions, her concepts on nature and culture have significant implications to China’s current efforts to promote ecological progress: when examining and handling the relationship between nature and humans, one should be dialectical as well as attentive to individual local conditions.
Austin, M. 1924/1969. The Land of Journey’s Ending [M]. New York: AMS Press.
Austin, M. 2003. The Land of Little Rain [M]. New York: The Modern Library.
Buell, L.1995. The Environmental Imagination [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Lynch, T. 2008. Xerophilia: Ecocritical Explorations in Southwestern Literature [M]. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press.
Lynch, T., C. Glotfelty & K. Armbruster (eds.). 2012. The Bioregional Imagination: Literature, Ecology, and Place [C]. Athens & London: The University of Georgia Press.
Scheese, D. 2002. Nature Writing: The Pastoral Impulse in America [M]. New York & London: Routledge.
Zhang, S. 2010. Bioregionalism, scholarship, and activism: An interview with professor Michael Branch [J]. Foreign Literature Studies (6): 1-7.
程虹.2012.寻归荒野(增订版)[M].北京:三联书店.
