隐喻的话语构建功能是通过“框架”的功能得以实现的。基于互相关联的一个或多个框架,读者运用已知的知识背景和概念结构去推断和理解话语意义与说话者的意图。人脑借助框架将已有的背景知识和特定情景中的新信息联结起来,构建新的认知,因此一个概念的框架主要是随着人们对其逐渐熟悉而建立起来。有些框架是固有的,而有些则需要后天通过经验或是训练予以建构。人们对美国财政悬崖的认识框架则是随着对其不断加深了解而建立的。以《美国新闻和世界报道》中2012年有关财政悬崖的报道作为语料,主要利用框架理论探析了概念隐喻的话语建构功能,通过预设、凸显和构造政治故事三种方式来建构意识形态,最后讨论了隐喻的翻译策略,提出了隐喻意象的移植、转换和省略的翻译策略。
The discourse-constructing power of metaphor is acquired through the function of frame. Based on one or multiple frames, readers make use of established background knowledge and conceptual structure to infer and comprehend the meaning of discourse and the intention of speakers. By means of frame, human brains connect the existing knowledge with new information in a specific situation to construct new cognition, and the frame of a concept consequently is shaped through people’s gradual familiarity with it. Certain frames are inherent whereas others are built through later experiencing or training. People’s cognition frame of American fiscal cliff is gradually formed by their continuous deepening understanding of it. Applying news report on American fiscal cliff in US News and World Report (2012) as material this paper mainly employs frame theory to analyze the discourse-constructing function of conceptual metaphor through which the establishment of ideology is achieved by presupposition, embedment and political story creation. It further explores the translation technique of metaphor and proposes three approaches to translate metaphor such as the transplanting, transferring and deleting of metaphorical image.
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