意义整体论是过去20年来语言哲学界讨论热烈,且极具争议的话题。有一派观点认为,意义整体论是错的,因为它将带来糟糕的后果:如果意义整体论正确,则语言习得、交流与理解将成为不可能;意义整体论与组构原则冲突。本文认为这些反驳意义整体论的证据并不有效,因为这些证据只涉及意义整体论所带来的糟糕后果,而没有讨论意义整体论的存在论地位。本文认为意义整体论是成立的,因为它满足了整体论存在的充分必要条件:语言表达式具有一组家族定性属性;语言表达式之间以类属存在的方式相互依赖,且以适当的方式排列组合,统一于语言整体之中。
Meaning holism is a highly controversial topic discussed heatedly in the philosophy of language over the past 20 years. One view is that meaning holism is wrong because it leads to three bad consequences: meaning holism would make (1) language learning, (2) communication and understanding impossible, and (3) contradict the principle of compositionality. This paper holds that the arguments against meaning holism are not tenable, as they belong to epistemological questions, and have nothing to do with the ontology of holism. This paper argues that meaning holism is right as it satisfies the necessary and sufficient conditions of holism as follows: linguistic expressions have a family of qualitative properties and a generic ontological dependence on each other; furthermore, they are arranged in a suitable way and unified in the language system.
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