《阿Q正传》的五个译本中,杨宪益夫妇的译本流传甚广,威廉·莱尔的译本以其翔实的注释以及正文中的解释性译法而体现出文化传播的意图,2009年出版的英国汉学家蓝诗玲的译本则被美国《时代周刊》誉为迄今为止可读性最好的译本。译者的翻译策略与译者所处的时代背景、文化身份以及翻译理念密切相关,译本因此呈现出不同的风格,体现在时代感、地域性、幽默讽刺的传达,以及叙事美学等方面的差异。相较杨氏夫妇忠实原文的译文,莱尔和蓝诗玲在风格传达上做出创造性尝试,某些补偿性译法值得借鉴。为使翻译文学赢得更多世界读者,读者反应和文学传播力应是翻译批评的两个重要维度。
Among the five translations of Lu Xun’s Ah Q Zheng Zhuan, Mr. and Mrs. Yang Xianyi’s version is widely acknowledged; William A. Lyell’s version is characterized by detailed notes and explanatory translation with a clear purpose of cultural dissemination; while Julia Lovell’s translation published in 2009 is recommended as “the most accessible” by TIME magazine. The translators, in different times, with different cultural identity and purposes of translation, convey the fiction’s style differently in register, temporal and spatial traits, narration, ways of humor and irony. Comparing with the Yangs’ faithful translation, Lyell and Lovell make creative attempts in representing Lu Xun’s style, some of which are successful. With the aim of Chinese literature going global, target readers’ reception and cultural dissemination should be important factors in translation criticism.
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