亚里士多德的《诗学》和其他古代的文本一样,因年代的久远和文本的残缺,令今人阅读理解起来感觉困难重重,甚或出现严重误读的情况。历来各种学说为“悲剧快感”提供了不同的解释,与其相连的“怜悯”和“恐惧”这两个词一直成为学术的竞技场,各类解释“累层”起来可以构成一部“悲剧快感”的演变史。本研究尝试不受“悲剧快感”演变史的束缚,从古希腊时期对“痛苦的欢笑”的共识及亚里士多德有关快乐的理论出发,结合他本人在《政治学》、《尼各马可伦理学》和《修辞学》中的相关思想,来分析《诗学》中的悲剧快感,探寻悲剧“特有的快感”的深意。
Due to its long age and incompleteness, Aristotle’s Poetics, like other ancient texts, was by no means free from difficulty, and lent itself readily to serious misinterpretation. Various interpretations have been provided to the term “tragic pleasure”, and the “pity and fear” closely related to it have become an arena where not a few famous scholars displayed their “hidden skills”. Their interpretations make up an evolutionary history of the “tragic pleasure”. Free from its bondage, and based both on the common view about pleasure of grief in the ancient Greece, and on Aristotle’s general principles of pleasure, this paper aims at exploring the deep meaning of the pleasure proper to tragedies through categorizing the tragic pleasure and drawing relevant ideas from Aristotle’s Politics, Nicomachean Ethics, and Rhetoric.
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