本文综合Martin关于文字、图像的评价理论(Martin & White 2005)及其图文关系框架理论(Martin & Rose 2007),提出基于图文关系的多模态评价语义分析框架,以多模态历史教科书为例,从个案例示和数据统计来讨论多模态历史教科书中评价语义的图文双重建构及其作用。经统计和分析发现,文字评价和图像评价是一个有机的整体,图文评价受图文关系影响产生同步性。在多模态历史教科书语篇中,图像、文字以扩展关系为主建构评价语义。在评价的实例化过程中,以不同图文关系建构的评价对历史文类的选择有一定的盖然性。
Following Martin and White’s (2005) appraisal theory on verbal-visual semiotics and in reference to Martin and Rose’s (2007) model on text-image relationship, the paper proposes a theoretical framework on multimodal appraisal and explore the influence of text-image relationship on holistic appraisal construction in the case study of multimodal historical textbooks. Based on statistical analysis, it is found that the text-image relations make inter-modal links and connect them as a comprehensive whole. The proper text-image relations may create synchrony rather than the reverse between verbal appraisal and image appraisal. In the discourse of multimodal historical textbooks, it is shown that expansion outnumbers projection in holistic appraisal construction and multimodal appraisal under different types of text-image relationship is probabilistically related to certain historical genres during the instantiation of evaluation.
Barthes, R.1977. Image-Music-Text [M]. London: Fontana.
Kress, G. & T. van Leeuwen. 2001. Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication [M]. London: Arnold.
Kress, G. & T. van Leeuwen. 1996/2006. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design [M]. London: Routledge.
Martin, J. R. 2001. Fair trade: Negotiating meaning in multimodal texts [A]. In P. Coppock (ed.). The Semiotics of Writing: Transdisciplinary Perspectives on the Technology of Writing [C]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 311-37.
Martin, J. R. & D. Rose. 2007. Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause [M]. London: Continuum.
Martin, J. R. & D. Rose. 2008. Genre Relations: Mapping Culture [M]. Palgrave.
Martin, J. R. & P. R. R. White. 2005. The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English [M]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Martinec, R. & A. Salway. 2005. A System for image-text relations in new (and old) media [J]. Visual Communication (3): 339-74.
Royce, T. D. 2007. Intersemiotic complementarity: A framework for multimodal discourse analysis [A]. In T. D. Royce & W. L. Bowcher (eds.). New Directions in the Analysis of Multimodal Discourse [C]. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 63-109.
刘世铸.2010.评价理论在中国的发展[J].外语与外语教学(5):33-37.
马丁、王振华.2008.实现化、实例化和个性化——系统功能语言学的三种层次关系[J].上海交通大学学报(5):73-81.
王振华.2001.评价系统及其运作[J].外国语(6):13-20.
王振华.2011.马丁基于文类理论的历史语篇研究[J].上海交通大学学报(4):70-77.
王振华、马玉蕾.2007.评价理论:魅力与困惑[J].外语教学(6):19-23.
杨信彰.2012.导读[A].王振华.马丁文集(4)——语域研究[C].上海:上海交通大学出版社.ⅰ-ⅸ.
