按照选项语义学理论,焦点的功能在于引出一个与焦点相关的对比语义项(简称对比项)集合。焦点选项理论有没有确切的心理基础,即焦点和对比项的实时加工机制,是本研究所关注的问题。本文从心理语言学视角出发,关注焦点自身的加工优势、对比项的加工机制、对比项的建构模型及不同焦点模态对焦点加工的影响等四个相关问题,结论表明焦点在自身语义深入加工的同时,能够更好地编码、理解和记忆对比项,焦点选项理论在实时加工过程中有确凿可信的证据。随着语用问题成为研究热点,焦点相关问题会越来越受到学界重视,未来研究应深入探讨焦点及对比项加工等一系列问题,特别是其神经认知机制。
According to the Alternative Semantics, focus is associated with the presence of a focus alternative set. Whether the presence of focus alternatives has any psychological reality, namely the online processing of focus and its alternatives, is the question addressed here. From a psycholinguistic perspective, the study addresses the following four issues: 1) the processing of foci itself, 2) the processing of focus alternatives, 3) the construction model of focus alternatives, and 4) the processing of different focus markers. The study has demonstrated that the processing of focus brings a deeper encoding of the foci itself and enhances the accessibility of focus alternatives in terms of encoding, comprehension and memory. Further efforts are needed to study the real time issues concerning the processing of focus and alternatives, especially its neurocognitive mechanism.
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