受经典话语的张力、主体性差异、翻译目的、翻译规律等制约,马克思主义文献《共产党宣言》的汉译在主体、方式、语言、渠道、出版、受众等方面形成了六条路径,一路历经了百余年复译,构成了经典复译链,使《宣言》从经典到二度经典化、从汉译策略到本土化传播、从主流意识确认到政治册封,完成了汉译探索期、拓展期和确立期三个经典化过程。

Due to the constraint of classic discourse in terms of the tension, subjectivity difference, translation purpose, and translation rule, translating the Communist Manifesto of Marxist literature in China has formed six paths which are subject, mode, language, channel, publishing, and audience. For more than one hundred years, through the six paths, re-translating the Communist Manifesto has constituted a classic retranslation chain and enabled the Communist Manifesto to transform from the canonization in its original country to its canonization in China, from the Chinese translation strategy to its localized dissemination, and from the confirmation of mainstream ideology to its canonization of politics. Thus, the three canonized processes—exploration period, expansion period and establishment period, have been fulfilled in translating the Communist Manifesto into Chinese.