中国的扫盲运动成绩斐然,这要归功于历时长、收获大的语言扫盲政策。文章在梳理文盲及语言扫盲政策的相关理论概念之后,根据何东昌主编的《中华人民共和国重要教育文献》系列丛书,整理和统计出新中国从1949至2008年期间有关语言扫盲政策的文献,并总结出中国语言扫盲政策的数量、对象、内容和特点。文章最后分析了中国语言扫盲政策成功的原因以及存在的不足。有关文盲及扫盲政策的理论梳理和经验总结对于我们今后开展类似的语言教育政策的研究、制定和实施等工作均有重要参考价值。

Anti-illiteracy movement in China has made great achievements and we should attribute this success to literacy policies. This paper firstly elaborates the notion of literacy and reviews the related theories concerning literacy policies. Then by using the data collected from The Important Educational Documentations in China from 1949 to 2008, a series of books edited by He Dongchang, the former educational minister of China, the paper summarizes the number, objects, contents and characteristics of literacy policies in China. Furthermore, this paper examines the reasons why Chinese literacy policies were so successful and finds out some drawbacks of unsuccessful policies. It is of great reference and value to conduct such a diachronic research into literacy policies in China for the study, formation and implementation of such similar literacy policies in the future.