学界基于认知语言学理论的语用模糊理解机制尚局限在关联理论、顺应理论与空间复合理论之中,新意不足,且已有研究多倾向于从说话人角度展开。本文从听话人视角探讨语用模糊理解机制,并提出理想化认知模型对该机制具有较强的阐释力。在同一语言社团里,每类话语交际都具有程序化的认知模型,能够产生原型效应,为人们认识世界提供一个简约的、理想化的认知框架。听话人察觉话语与语境冲突后,会聚焦于话语反常点,还原理想的常规话语认知模型,并在回溯推理过程中,在比对它与模糊话语差别的基础上补全受损的最佳关联,从而找出说话人意欲隐藏的真正意图,大大缩小了说话人意图的检索范围,降低解读说话人意欲隐藏的意图的难度。本研究旨在提高人们的语用能力,为语用模糊理解机制的形式化提供学理支撑。

The previous study of the comprehension mechanism of pragmatic fuzziness based on cognitive linguistics is limited to relevance theory, adaptation theory, and spatial compounding theory and tends to be carried out from the perspective of the speaker, which lacks novelty. This paper explores the mechanism from the perspective of the addressee and puts forward the theory of the idealized cognitive model (ICM), which has strong explanatory power for this mechanism. The reason is that each type of discourse communication in the same language community has a programmed ICM, which can produce a prototype effect and provide a simple and ideal cognitive framework for people to understand the world. After the addressee perceives the conflict between the utterance and the context, he focuses on the abnormal points of the utterance, restores the ideal conventional utterance ICM, and in the process of backtracking reasoning, compares it with the difference between the fuzzy utterance and completes the damaged optimal relevance, to find out the real intention of the speaker. This greatly reduces the retrieval scope of locating the speaker’s intention and reduces the difficulty of interpreting the speaker’s hidden intention. The research aims to improve people’s pragmatic competence and provide theoretical support for the formalization of pragmatic fuzzy discourse understanding.