在中国近现代化的进程中,翻译扮演了重要的角色。自晚清以降,马克思主义思想伴随着“西学东渐”之大潮经由翻译来到中国,成为中华民族实现民族解放的强大理论工具。发展至当代,将立足中国立场、体现中国智慧的领导人著述译介至海外,实现了从理论的“单向旅行”到“双向对话”的跨越。纵观百余年来的翻译发展史,马克思主义理论源于西方,成于东方,在与中国革命和建设实践结合的过程中经典化与中国化,如今携中国经验返归西方,成为当代全球马克思主义理论不断深化的重要动力。一方面,这一历程彰显出翻译推动知识旅行、观念更新与智识创新的“知识再生产”功用;另一方面,这一轨迹亦展现出中西文明交流史中的一个重要面向,即由“西学东渐—中国接受”到“中学西传—中西对话”的发展历程。

Being essential for the rise and fall of a nation, translation plays an important part in the modernization process in China. Since the late Qing Dynasty, Marxism got introduced into China through translation, functioning as a vehicle of fighting for national emancipation. In contemporary times, the translation and introduction of Chinese leaders’ writings based on China’s position and reflecting China’s wisdom to overseas countries has achieved the leap from “one-way (West to East) travel” to “two-way dialogue” in theory. Marxist theories, originated in the West, witnessed their great success in the East. Being adapted to the Chinese context and internalized as part of Chinese discourse, these theories, in return, have contributed to the development of today’s Marxism around the world. Thus, a probe into the history of translating and disseminating Marxist theories through the lens of Transknowletology reveals an important facet of East-West cultural communication, namely, the shift from “one-way traveling” to “East-West dialogue”.