从语言认知的视角看,拟人是基于概念隐喻“事物是人”的一种修辞手段。为系统揭示拟人隐喻的建构规律,本研究引入分形理论和“特征喻”这一核心概念,确定拟人隐喻的认知机制在于从喻体“人”的诸多分形表象中提取某一特定特征投射至本体。结合框架语义学与个体行为理论,本研究将“人”这一概念解构为生理、行为、认知、情绪、个性和境遇六大分形表象,进而推导出六种拟人隐喻建构模式。在此基础上,以中俄文学作品中“风”的拟人隐喻为跨文化案例,验证该模式的应用价值。本研究旨在明晰拟人隐喻的跨域整合本质,深化分形理论在认知语言学中的应用,并为外语教学中的跨文化隐喻理解提供新视角。

From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, personification is a rhetorical device grounded in the conceptual metaphor that attributes human qualities to non-human entities. To systematically elucidate its construction, this study introduces fractal theory and the concept of “feature-based metaphor”. Its cognitive mechanism involves extracting specific features from the fractal manifestations of the vehicle “human” and mapping them onto the tenor. By integrating frame semantics and individual behavior theory, this study deconstructs the concept of “human” into six fractal dimensions - physiology, behavior, cognition, emotion, personality, and situation - yielding six models of personification metaphors. Cross-cultural personification metaphors of “wind” in Chinese and Russian literary works serve to validate the models’ applicability. This research clarifies the cross-domain integration of personification metaphors, advances the application of fractal theory in cognitive linguistics, and offers new insights for cross-cultural metaphor comprehension in foreign language teaching.