本文以“翻译是人学还是后人学”的问题切入,探讨技术深度介入翻译实践所引发的主体性重构。研究首先回溯人学与后人学两种范式的哲学渊源,从主体性和主体间性哲学、技术哲学、技术社会学等理论视角及其对翻译带来的启示出发,阐释翻译主体性如何从20世纪中后期“文本中心”阶段人学范式的初现端倪,发展到21世纪前后“译者中心”阶段人学样态的充分彰显,再向生成式人工智能时代“人机合作”的后人学模式过渡。在此基础上,本文提出“协作主体性”的分析框架,阐述人类译者与AI在翻译过程中分层协同、动态流动的主体性机制,期望既避免人学范式的唯人类主体化,又突破后人学范式的彻底去人类中心化,揭示翻译主体在技术变革中的复杂转型。本研究理论上,致力于修正人机对立的二元叙事,拓展翻译主体性研究的解释维度;实践上,或可为翻译教育、行业治理与技术研发提供策略借鉴。

This article begins with the question of whether translation should be regarded as a human-centered or a posthuman endeavor, examining how the deep involvement of technology in translation practice has reshaped translational subjectivity. It first traces the philosophical origins of the human-centered and posthuman paradigms and, drawing on insights from theories of subjectivity and intersubjectivity, the philosophy of technology, and the sociology of technology, explicates their implications for translation. From this perspective, it delineates the evolution of translational subjectivity: from the text-centered stage in the mid-to-late twentieth century, where the seeds of a human-centered paradigm began to emerge, to the translator-centered stage around the turn of the twenty-first century, where the human-centered orientation reached full expression, and further toward the human-machine collaborative mode in the era of generative AI, which signals a posthuman turn. Building on this trajectory, the article proposes an analytical framework of collaborative subjectivity, highlighting the stratified, dynamic, and fluid mechanisms through which human translators and AI systems co-construct subjectivity in the translation process. The framework aims to avoid the over-humanization inherent in the human-centered paradigm while also transcending the radical de-centering of the human in the posthuman turn, thereby revealing the complex transformation of translational subjectivity under technological waves. Theoretically, this study seeks to correct the binary narrative of human-machine opposition and to broaden the explanatory dimensions of research on translational subjectivity. Practically, it offers strategic insights for translation education, industry governance, and technological development.