在人工智能(AI)迅猛发展的当下,人与AI之间的界限探索是知识翻译学面临的问题。围绕这问题,用哲学内省法与思想实验,把知识翻译纳入人学视域来考察,以揭示人与AI的本质差异。翻译不仅是语言转换,更是在具体语境中基于主体性和主体间性进行的意义协商与知识生成活动。人类能够动态理解并产生“涌现知识”——即在翻译过程中即时浮现、高度依赖情境和交流的知识;而AI目前仍缺乏真正的自我意识和主体间交往能力,无法自主生成或完全掌握此类知识。因此,AI与人的界限在于是否具备基于主体性和主体间性生成涌现知识的能力。这一能力既是人类区别于AI的核心,又确保了人类在意义诠释与知识创造中不可替代的地位。

Along with the rapid developement of artificial intelligence (AI), the boundary between AI and human beings has become an urgent research issue in transknowletology. Centering upon this issue, philosophical reflection and thought experiments are employed to examine knowledge translation from the perspective of human studies, aiming to reveal the fundamental distinctions between human beings and AI. Translation is not merely a process of linguistic conversion; rather, it constitutes an act of meaning negotiation and knowledge generation, grounded in subjectivity and intersubjectivity within specific contexts. Human beings possess the capacity to dynamically comprehend and produce “emergent knowledge”—that is, knowledge which arises instantaneously during translation and is highly dependent on situational and communicative factors. In contrast, AI currently lacks genuine self-awareness and the ability to be engaged in intersubjective interactions, leaving it unable to autonomously generate or fully grasp emergent knowledge. Therefore, the essential distinction between AI and human beings lies in the latter’s ability to generate emergent knowledge through subjective and intersubjective processes. This capability not only represents a core feature that differentiates human beings from AI, but also ensures the irreplaceable role of human beings in the interpretation of meaning and the creation of knowledge.