构式词法强调“形式-意义配对体”,这一特性与外来词的研究需求高度契合。构式语法为外来词研究提供了新视角,通过形式与意义的配对关系,可深入解析外来词在汉语中的构式特征、形成机制及其本土化过程。本文以构式语法为框架,从构式整体、构式图式、构式压制、构式语用等几个方面论述了汉语外来词的构词机理,为外来词研究提供新视角。研究表明,构式语法提供了一套通用分析框架,可统一解释音译、意译、半音译半意译、借形等不同类型的外来词的汉化机制。

Constructional morphology emphasizes “form-meaning pairings”, a characteristic that highly aligns with the research needs of loanwords. Construction grammar offers a new perspective for the study of loanwords, enabling an in-depth analysis of their constructional features, formation mechanisms, and localization processes in Chinese through the pairing relationship between form and meaning. This paper, taking construction grammar as the framework, discusses the word-formation mechanisms of Chinese loanwords from several aspects, including constructional wholes, constructional schemas, constructional coercion, and constructional pragmatics, providing a new perspective for loanword research. This research indicates that Construction Grammar provides a universal analytical framework that can uniformly explain the Sinicization mechanisms of different types of loanwords, including transliteration, free translation, semi-transliteration and semi-free translation, and loan shapes.