目的： 观察继发性免疫缺陷疾病患者眼部蠕形螨的感染情况,分析眼部蠕形螨感染与继发性免疫缺陷病间的相关性。方法： 选择2019年11月至2020年1月间复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院内外科诊治的存在继发性免疫缺陷的患者192例作为研究对象,其中包括恶性肿瘤、慢性肾病、糖尿病、自身免疫病患者;另从来我院就诊的无全身性基础疾病的人群中随机选取246例作为对照者。本研究采用拔取眼部睫毛,在光学显微镜下检查蠕形螨及虫卵,确定眼部蠕形螨感染情况。结果： 192例继发性免疫缺陷患者中有眼部蠕形螨感染者为162例,阳性率为84.4%;246例对照者中有眼部蠕形螨感染者为150例,阳性率为61.0%,2组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。眼部蠕形螨感染与继发性免疫缺陷疾病呈正相关（r=0.256,P<0.001）。其中,糖尿病患者的眼部蠕形螨感染率最高,为89.7%。变量相关性分析提示,眼部蠕形螨感染与继发性免疫缺陷疾病呈正相关（r=0.256,P<0.001）;多因素Logistic回归分析提示,患有继发性免疫缺陷疾病患者感染眼部蠕形螨的风险是未患继发性免疫缺陷疾病的2.09倍（OR=2.09,95%CI为1.25~3.47,P=0.005）。结论： 继发性免疫缺陷病可能是眼部蠕形螨感染的高危因素,糖尿病患者需注意眼部蠕形螨的检查。

Objective: To investigate the correlation between ocular Demodex folliculorum infection and secondary immunodeficiency diseases. Methods: A total of 192 patients with secondary immunodeficiency diseases from Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University during November 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled, including patients with malignant tumors, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Two hundred and forty-six visited patients without secondary immunodeficiency diseases were served as controls. The eye lashes were taken and examined under optical microscope to observe the status of Demodex folliculorum infection. Results: Demodex folliculorum was found in 162 of 192 patients (84.4%) with secondary immunodeficiency diseases and 150 of 246 controls(61.0%)（P<0.05）. Among these subjects, patients with diabetes had the highest infection rate (89.7%). The variable correlation analysis revealed that immunodeficiency diseases was positively correlated with Demodex folliculorum infection(r=0.256, P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the secondary immunodeficiency diseases doubled the risk of ocular Demodex folliculorum infection (OR=2.09, 95%CI 1.25-3.47, P=0.005). Conclusions: Secondary immunodeficiency may be a high-risk factor for the ocular infection with Demodex folliculorum, and attention should be given to Demodex folliculorum examination in diabetes patients.