目的：基于超声影像组学技术,建立胎肺成熟度评估模型,并验证其预测新生儿发生呼吸系统疾病风险的价值。方法：本研究纳入295名孕妇（单胎）,每位孕妇收集1张分娩前72 h内采集的胎肺超声标准图像（四腔心切面）。依据收集胎肺超声图像当天的孕周,将295名孕妇图像分为组1（<36周）和组2（36~37周）。组1（66张）和组2图像（229张）再进一步分别分组为训练集（40、26张）和验证集（95、134张）。基于超声影像组学技术,对训练集胎肺超声图像进行胎肺纹理分析,结合妊娠并发症的有无,提取高通量影像组学特征,以新生儿预后结果为金标准,分别建立适用于不同孕周的胎肺成熟度评估模型,随后在相应的验证集中,验证胎肺成熟度模型预测新生儿发生呼吸系统疾病的风险。结果：本研究新生儿中,23.4%（69例）发生了呼吸系统疾病,6.1%（18例）发生了新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征。基于<36周和36~37孕周的胎肺成熟度模型,预测相应孕周的灵敏度分别为83.3%（组1）和75.0%（组2）,特异度为84.6%（组1）和78.3%（组2）;准确率为80.8%（组1）和77.2%（组2）。结论：基于超声影像组学技术胎肺成熟度评估模型具有一定的预测新生儿发生呼吸系统疾病的效能,这是无创性评估胎肺成熟度的一种新方法。

Objective: To establish a model with ultrasound-based radiomics technology for evaluating fetal lung maturity and verify its efficacy in predicting risk of newborn respiratory disease. Methods: A total of 295 singleton pregnancies were enrolled, and fetal lung ultrasound images (four-chamber view) of each fetal were obtained within 72 hours before delivery. The 295 images were divided into 2 groups according to gestational age (GA) of the day fetal lung ultrasound images collected on examination day: Group 1(GA <36 weeks) and Group 2(GA 36-37 weeks). Images of Group 1 （66） and Group 2 （229） were further grouped into training set（40, 26） and validation set（95, 134）,respectively. High throughput radiomics features were extracted from each fetal lung ultrasound image by fetal lung texture analysis based on ultrasound-based radiomics technology. Based on outcomes of fetus, diagnostic models by Group 1 or 2 for predicting risk of newborn respiratory disease were established combined with pregnancy complications using training set of Group 1 or Group 2, respectively, and the predictive efficacy were verified in correspondingly validation set. Results: The diagnostic performance of models by Group1 and 2 were as follows: sensitivity were 83.3%(Group 1) and 75.0%, respectively; specificity were 84.6% and 78.3%,respectively; accuracy were 80.8% and 77.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The fetal lung maturity evaluation model based on ultrasonic-based radiomics technology is a new method for noninvasive evaluation of fetal lung maturity, Which have certain efficacy in predicting newborn respiratory disease.