目的: 探讨结肠鳞癌和腺鳞癌的临床病理学特征。方法: 回顾性分析2例结肠鳞癌和2例结肠腺鳞癌患者的临床病理特征和预后。结果: 4例患者中，男性1例，女性3例，年龄为29~76岁。2例伴血清糖类抗原19-9增高，分别为88.25 ng/mL和553.13 ng/mL；2例伴血清癌胚抗原增高，分别为116.39 U/mL和37.22 U/mL。3例患者的肿瘤发生于升结肠，1例发生于降结肠。镜下，4例鳞癌区域，肿瘤组织排列成不规则巢团状或片状，肿瘤细胞多角形或不规则形，细胞嗜酸异型，且表达P40和P63；2例腺鳞癌的腺癌区域，肿瘤组织排列成不规则腺管状或筛孔状，细胞核深染异型，且肿瘤细胞表达CAM5.2和CK20；3例表达P16。1例合并血吸虫感染。无患者感染人乳头瘤病毒，3例存在错配修复蛋白表达缺失，3例存在KRAS基因突变。中位随访期为42个月，1例患者于术后16.4个月死亡，其余3例存活，无复发。结论: 鳞癌和腺鳞癌是肠癌极罕见的组织病理学类型，生物学行为不良，多伴错配修复蛋白表达缺失和KRAS基因突变。根治性手术切除可使患者获得良好预后。

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of colon squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. Methods: The clinicopathological data and prognosis of 4 patients with colonic squamous cell carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma were collected retrospectively. Results: There were 1 male and 3 female, and the age ranged from 29 to 76 years old. Serum CA19-9 was increased in 2 cases, which were 88.25 ng/mL and 553.13 ng/mL, respectively. Serum CEA increased in 2 cases, which were 116.39 U/mL and 37.22 U/mL, respectively. Three cases occurred in ascending colon and 1 case in descending colon. Microscopically, the squamous cell carcinoma of 4 cases was arranged into irregular nesting or flake shape, the tumor cells were polygonal or irregular, the cells were eosinophilic and expressed P40 and P63, while the adenocarcinoma of 2 adenosquamous carcinoma cases was arranged into irregular glandular tubules or cribriform, and the cell nucleus was deeply stained and expressed CAM5.2 and CK20. P16 was expressed in 3 cases. One case was complicated with schistosome. No patient was with human papilloma virus infection. Mismatch repair protein absently expressed in 3 cases. Three cases were complicated with KRAS gene mutation. At the last of follow-up, 1 patient died at 16.4 months after surgery, and the remaining 3 patients survived without recurrence (median follow-up time: 42 months). Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma are rare histopathological types of colorectal cancer with poor biological behavior, often accompanied by loss of mismatch repair protein expression and KRAS gene mutation. Radical resection is an effective way to obtain a good prognosis.